摘要:

Screening blood and blood products for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody is predominantly performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and results must be confirmed by the more immunospecific Western blot (WB) assay. This study evaluated an HIV immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test relative to WB assay for use in confirming EIA designated HIV-1 antibody-positive sera. Specimens from seroconversion and CDC panels as well as clinical specimens obtained for routine EIA HIV-1 antibody screening were evaluated. Results with 209 specimens indicated that sensitivity and specificity of the Fluorognost®-HIV assay were equivalent relative to WB. In addition, the Fluorognost-HIV IFA test was faster and easier to perform than the WB assay, and unlike the WB assay was not prone to indeterminate results

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150146

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three independently isolated herpes simplex virus type 1 recombinant viruses containing a deletion of approximately 14 kilobase pairs, representing greater than 95% of the internal repeat DNA sequences, were analyzed for their pathogenicity in mice. The recombinant viruses were found to be avirulent, exhibiting drastically increased LD50 values over wild-type herpes simplex virus 1(F) by intracerebral injection, nonneuroinvasive, unable to spread from the cornea to sensory ganglion, and unable to establish a reactivable latent infection in trigeminal ganglion following either intracerebral inoculation or inoculation of scarified corneas. The potential role of diploid genes in herpes simplex virus pathogenesis in the mouse is discussed.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150147

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have shown previously that in infected HEL cells varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes a shift from polar to neutral lipid synthesis and that some strains of the virus depressed total lipid synthesis. In this report we show that VZV produces a similar effect on the lipid metabolism of infected human embryonic kidney cells. The pattern of lipid synthesis in human embryonic kidney cells infected with either of two strains of influenza type A virus was similar to that of control uninfected cells, whereas the greatest difference and the pattern closest to that seen with VZV was produced by influenza type B strains. These findings are discussed in light of the association of prior infections with influenza B virus and chickenpox and the subsequent development of Reye’s syndrom

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150148

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Direct infection of glia by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been suggested as one of several mechanisms responsible for the severe neurologic complications observed in both neonates and adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We have demonstrated by protein immunoblotting analysis that HIV-1 infection of human fetal glial cells isolated from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the developing human peripheral nervous system results in viral gag antigen expression with little, if any, detectable env gene products. No cytopathogenicity was evident in the infected cell population. Blot hybridization analyses indicate transient expression of the HIV-1 genome with maximum levels of virus-specific RNA being observed between 2 and 3 days postinfection and decreasing below the limits of detection by 16 days postinfection. To determine whether infection of the human fetal DRG glial cell population culminates in the production and release of infectious HIV-1, cocultivation and reverse transcriptase assays were performed. Direct assay of HIV-1-infected neural cell supernatants as well as exposure of permissive SupTl cells to these HIV-1-infected neural cell supernatants resulted in no demonstrable reverse transcriptase activity in either the HIV-1-infected DRG glial cell supernatants or the SupTl cell supernatants. Although transmission electron microscopy analyses have suggested the absence of intracellular viral particles, highly electron-dense inclusions in the cytoplasm of HIV-1-infected DRG glial cells were observed. The nature of the intracellular cytoplasmic inclusions is under current investigation. Cumulatively, these data suggest that the interaction of HIV-1 with human fetal DRG neural cells results in transient expression of the HIV genome culminating in a nonproductive infection.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150149

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The immunotherapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody specific for glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus was evaluated in a murine ocular infection model. Passive transfer of antibody at microgram concentrations was able to promote resolution of corneal opacity and hasten healing of blepharitis. Antibody treatment did not prevent development of either a cellular or humoral antiviral immune response. In fact, kinetic studies revealed that the early delayed-type hypersensitivity response was significantly more vigorous in the treated group than in the controls. Potential explanations as to how a single microgram inoculation of antibody could exert a therapeutic effect are discussed.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150150

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells were transfected with the pBC24neo plasmid DNA which consists of a sequence of 790 base pairs from the BglII N fragment of herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA linked to the neo resistance gene. Selection in G418-containing medium resulted in eleven immortalized clones which showed increased growth rate and saturation densities. One of the eleven clones maintained the transforming DNA sequence integrated in the cellular genome and showed continous resistance to G418, but Southern blot analysis of the other ten immortalized clones did not detect pBC24neo DNA sequences. Possible mechanisms of herpes simplex virus induced immortalization and their implications in the development of atheromatous plaques are discussed.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150151

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

WtSV40 and its variant EL-SV40 (contains two complementing defective genomes) fail to productively infect human embryonic kidney cells or human fibroblasts. However, early SV40 (E-SV40) genomes can propagate in human cells when complemented by a particular late RF virus (L-RFV) genome or the closely related wtBKV genome. The L-RFV genome (L-RFV clone H) contains a deleted early region, a complete set of BKV capsid genes, and a single SV40 regulatory region (acquired by recombination). In contrast, it was not possible to make the reciprocal genome cross in human cells; late SV40 genomes containing a deleted early region do not complement early RFV or early BKV DNAs. The L-RFV clone H genome was also shown to complement wtSV40 in human cells. However, wtSV40 DNA was rapidly lost and replaced by a defective SV40 genome. The SV40 defective (E-SV40α) contained a deletion of the late region, an intact early region, and paired with L-RFV clone H DNA to form a new hybrid virus. In human cells wtSV40 was also complemented by wtBKV DNA, but after two serial passages SV40 DNA disappeared. These findings indicate that SV40 late or capsid gene sequences, but not SV40 early sequences, generate a block to SV40 growth in human cells. When the SV40 late region is replaced by a RFV or a BKV late region, E-SV40 DNA propagates efficiently in human cells and in some cases more rapidly than wtBKV. Northern blot hybridization indicates that SV40 DNA is poorly transcribed in human cells when the SV40 late region is present

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150152

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

CD-1 mice infected with a sublethal dose of influenza A virus were anesthetized for 2 h with halothane. These mice were compared to a control group which was similarly infected using ketamine sedation. Mice anesthetized with halothane showed less physical signs of illness and demonstrated less lung histopathology than the control group of mice. Virus titers were reduced in the group of animals exposed to halothane 12 h after infection, but were the same as the infected controls at all other times measured (1–12 days after infection). Morphometric analysis of lung tissue demonstrated a delayed appearance of both neutrophils and monocytes in the halothane-exposed mice. These results suggest that the halogenated volatile anesthetic halothane decreases the pulmonary pathogenesis of influenza A virus by altering the recruitment of immunological effector cells during the course of the infectio

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150153

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Five distinct antigenic sites recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in H-2b mice have been identified on simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen. Cocultivation of SV40-transformed cells with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for epitopes I–IV results in the selection of variants which show a loss of either epitopes I, II, and III, II and III, or IV. We now report the isolation of a variant SV40-transformed cell line which has lost the expression of all five CTL epitopes on SV40 T antigen. These variant cells were no longer susceptible to lysis by CTL clones specific for all five epitopes. These variant cells would be used to relate alterations in SV40 T antigen structure with functional changes in the transformed cell

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150154

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have examined transcription from the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early genes that are located at approximately 0.24 map units of the viral genome. Upon infection of permissive cells, nonoverlapping transcripts of 1.65 and 1.7 kb were abundant 8 h after infection and at lower levels at later times of infection or in the presence of cycloheximide. A transcript of approximately 3.4 kb that spanned the entire region was less abundant than the smaller RNAs at 8 h after infection, but was not decreased in abundance with cycloheximide treatment. These RNA species appear to correspond to the immediate-early transcripts from this region [1]. Polyadenylated RNA was isolated from human cytomegalovirus infected cells 8 h after infection and used to synthesize directly a cDNA library. cDNAs corresponding to the abundant 1.65- and 1.7-kb transcripts of this region were isolated and characterized.

ISSN:0300-5526    

DOI:10.1159/000150155

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger