摘要:

OBJECTIVE:Forebrain expression and changes of Fos protein immunoreactivity were investigated in rats subjected to gamma knife irradiation (dose, 100 Gy), focusing on the right caudate nucleus.METHODS:Serial cryostat forebrain sections were processed with Fos protein antiserum and then by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemistry after gamma knife irradiation.RESULTS:Some neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells were positive for Fos-like immunoreactivity (LI). Fos-LI was mainly distributed in the target area of irradiation, as well as in white matter surrounding lateral ventricles, cortex, hippocampus, and certain nuclei reportedly implicated in the regulation of stress responses. From 0.5 hour to 30 days after irradiation, expression of Fos-LI displayed two peaks. The first peak arose from 3 hours to 24 hours, with cell nuclei being positive for Fos-LI. The second peak was noticeable at the 14th day postirradiation. Subsequently, three types of Fos-LI-positive cells were identified during the period between 14 and 30 days: in the first type, only the nucleus was positive; in the second type, the cytoplasm was stained; and in the third type, the cells were positive in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm.CONCLUSION:During the early stages after gamma knife irradiation, a specific stress response (significant Fos expression with two peaks) is observed not only in the target region but also in the surrounding forebrain regions. The characteristics and significance of two types of Fos-LI-positive cells are discussed in the context of this investigation.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

OBJECTIVE:Trephination of the cranial vault is the oldest known surgical procedure and has often been reported in the literature. The present study was performed to study the incidence, the techniques used, and possible indications for trephinations in the region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, the most northeastern German state.METHODS:One hundred thirteen of a total of 115 Neolithic (c. 2000–3500 BC) skulls and eight smaller skull fragments found in the region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern were examined. Defects and abrasions were detected in 31 of these skulls and underwent further examination (careful microscopic and/or endoscopic examination, three-dimensional computed tomography, and x-rays).RESULTS:Six skulls showed defects resulting from trephination, mainly located along the midline or in the left parieto-occipital region. There was good osteological evidence that at least five of these operations had been survived. Two different techniques for trephination (circular cuts and scraping) had been used.CONCLUSION:From the present study, we conclude that the incidence of trephination in Neolithic skulls in our region is at least 5% and that these operations had been survived in singular cases. There is increasing evidence that these procedures were intended to be curative.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

THE DISCOVERY OF the arachnoid membrane is a relatively recent advance. Ancient anatomists noted the presence of the dura mater and pia mater, but the intervening arachnoid membrane was left undescribed. It was not until the 17th century that anatomists discovered a layer separating the pia mater from the dura mater and named this cobweb-like layer the “arachnoid.” Arachnoid means “spider-like” and has an interesting etymology that can be traced to the ancient Greek myth of Arachne.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:We report three cases of cerebellar hemorrhage complicating supratentorial craniotomies for the treatment of epilepsy. In a literature review, we identified only four similar cases of cerebellar hemorrhage after temporal lobectomy for the treatment of epilepsy.CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RESULTS:Three young and otherwise healthy patients underwent frontal, occipital, and temporal resections for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. The hemorrhage manifested as peduncular tremor, ataxia, and decerebrate posturing presenting early in the postoperative period. The diagnosis was established by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Benign outcomes were observed for all patients.CONCLUSION:Based on the available data, it is our opinion that brain dislocation resulting from excessive intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid drainage is a possible mechanism for this rare complication of supratentorial craniotomy. The overdrainage seems to be less hazardous when the procedure is performed for the removal of space-occupying mass lesions. In contrast, the resection of nonexpanding tissues, such as in lobectomies for the treatment of epilepsy, may be an additional risk factor, because the incidence of this complication seems to be higher in these situations.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:Spinal epidural lipomatosis, which causes symptomatic compression of neural elements, is a well known but uncommon complication of Cushing’s syndrome. Spinal epidural lipomatosis has been reported frequently in association with chronic systemic corticosteroid therapy, but thus far only one case has been attributed to local epidural corticosteroid injections.CLINICAL PRESENTATION:We report another case of symptomatic spinal epidural lipomatosis after epidural corticosteroid injections. This is the first such case documented by magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed with surgical exploration.INTERVENTION:The patient’s symptoms of neurogenic claudication resolved after lumbar laminectomy in the region of previous corticosteroid injections and the removal of epidural fat, which was compressing the thecal sac.CONCLUSION:This case should alert clinicians that epidural lipomatosis, which causes symptomatic thecal sac compression, is a possible complication, not only of systemic glucocorticoid therapy, but also of local epidural corticosteroid injections.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:Primary myxoma of the central nervous system is an extremely rare tumor arising from cells of primitive mesenchymal origin. Only two cases of primary intracranial myxoma have been described previously. We report a patient with a primary myxoma originating from the right frontoparietal convexity dura, which we studied in detail with diagnostic imaging and pathological analysis.CLINICAL PRESENTATION:A female adolescent presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of mild headache, abdominal pain, and intermittent left-sided focal motor seizures. Neurological examination was remarkable for left leg hyperreflexia and difficulty with tandem gait. Cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an inhomogeneously enhancing mass in the right frontoparietal region.INTERVENTION:A right frontoparietal craniotomy was performed. During surgery, a tumor appearing similar to a typical convexity meningioma was completely removed along with the dural attachment.CONCLUSION:The patient had an uneventful recovery and returned to normal activity. Primary intracranial myxoma should be distinguished from other meningeal tumors and metastatic cardiac myxoma by appropriate pathological analysis and cardiac evaluation. A circumscribed myxoma completely excised with adequate dural margin carries a good prognosis for surgical cure.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

OBJECTIVE:The pathogenesis of moyamoya disease is unknown. The purpose of this study was to detect proteins associated with the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease.CLINICAL PRESENTATION:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from three patients with moyamoya disease and four control patients who had cervical lesions but no intracranial lesion were studied.INTERVENTION:CSF proteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were analyzed with the SWISS-2DPAGE and SWISS-PROT databases. In the CSF samples from all three patients with moyamoya disease, a polypeptide spot (Mr= 12,000, pI= 5.35) was observed. This spot was not evident in samples from the four control patients and has not been reported in the SWISS-2DPAGE and SWISS-PROT databases.CONCLUSION:A CSF protein, which is possibly novel and associated with moyamoya disease, has been detected. The analysis of CSF by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis may reveal a clue by which the molecular mechanism of moyamoya disease may be elucidated.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID