ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BRAIN DEATH IS an anatomically and physiologically complex process. The societal and psychological implications of brain death and organ donation are equally complex, and they have profound ramifications. Because the vast majority of organ donors die as a consequence of catastrophic intracranial processes, neurosurgeons are in a unique position to positively influence the supply of transplantable organs. Enhanced knowledge of the physiology of evolving brain death will improve the care of potential organ donors and increase the probability of successful transplantation. Likewise, better information about patient and family directives, beliefs, grieving, concurrent exposure to other health care workers, and experiences in the hospital environment will assist the neurosurgeon in providing the family with the opportunity for donation. Neurosurgeons can also play a leading role in the multidisciplinary approach required to support the families of potential organ donors during the transition from neurointerventional therapy to somatic support. New federal regulations on organ donation and a review of the literature about the “art of asking” are presented.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neurosurgery as an independent discipline at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town commenced with the return of Hermann de Villiers Hammann from Munich in 1946. He developed the unit with Alex Gonski, J.P. Van Niekerk, P. Keet, and A.P. Rose-Innes. Jacquez (Kay) C. de Villiers followed in 1966, becoming the first Helen and Morris Mauerberger Professor and chairman of neurosurgery at Groote Schuur Hospital, the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, and Conradie Hospital. During that period, many contemporary South African neurosurgeons received their training, and the unit developed and expanded its reputation as a center of excellence in Africa. Since 1994, Jonathan C. Peter has been the Helen and Morris Mauerberger Professor and chairman of the department, which now consists of six full-time neurosurgeons, six part-time consultants, seven registrars, and two interns. Two to three thousand outpatients are treated each year, and approximately 1000 surgical procedures are performed. Sociopolitical changes in South Africa have resulted in a reduction in funding of tertiary academic health services, and this presents major challenges for the future.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS the 1681 edition ofThe Anatomy of the Brain, by Thomas Willis (1621–1675), which was first published in Latin in 1664. Although description of the circulation at the base of the brain is part of this text, the majority of the book is devoted to functional anatomic features of the brain. This is an early attempt by Willis to translate cadaveric brain anatomic features into assigned behavioral and neurophysiological functions. Extensive comparisons are made between “lower” animals and human subjects, emphasizing the differences in their intellects. This unique document ushered in the era of modern neuroanatomy and laid the groundwork for future neuroanatomic and neurophysiological investigations.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCENeurenteric cysts are very rare (particularly in the adult age group) congenital intraspinal cysts of endodermal origin. The patient described was a 48-year-old man who was diagnosed as having an isolated thoracic neurenteric cyst at the T5–T6 level, without a mediastinal enterogenous cyst. Radiological studies demonstrated multiple anterior vertebral column abnormalities.CLINICAL PRESENTATIONThe patient presented with a long history of mild midback pain. During the 2 years preceding admission, his midback pain worsened and he experienced right intercostal pain in the midthoracic area. Several months before admission, he noticed right lower extremity weakness, which led him to undergo neurological evaluation and radiological studies.INTERVENTIONThoracic spine x-rays revealed marked thoracic scoliosis and multiple vertebral abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging and myelography revealed an intradural extramedullary cystic mass at the T5–T6 level, severely compressing the spinal cord from the ventral side. Thoracic laminectomy was performed and the cystic lesion was completely removed, with disconnection of the ventral tract.CONCLUSIONThis is an unusual presentation, at this age, of a congenital intraspinal cyst in the thoracic area. Such cysts must investigated for early diagnosis and treatment. A neurenteric cyst should be suspected particularly if the cyst is associated with anterior vertebral column abnormalities.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCEEndoscopic repair of an anterior cranial fossa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula has gained widespread acceptance. We report a case of mucocele development at the site of an endoscopic CSF leak repair.CLINICAL PRESENTATIONA 46-year-old woman underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal obstructive symptoms. The surgery was complicated by an intraoperative CSF leak from the posterior cribriform plate/anterior sphenoid, which was repaired immediately using bone and mucosa grafts. Two years postoperatively, a 13-mm anterior cranial base mass was found incidentally. This mass increased to 20 mm over the next year.INTERVENTIONThe anterior cranial base mass was excised via a right frontal craniotomy and confirmed histologically to be a mucocele.CONCLUSIONEndoscopic repair of an anterior cranial base CSF fistula with mucosal grafts may lead to formation of a mucocele.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID