摘要:

&NA;The possibility that head trauma predisposes to intracranial neoplasia was investigated in 2,953 patients who were followed for a total of 29.859 person‐years. The observed number of subsequent brain tumors. 4, did not differ from the expected number, 4.1. The severity and location of head injuries did not influence the subsequent occurrence of brain tumors.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This report, which includes 12 cases of opticochiasmatic glioma with diencephalic syndrome, is a 22‐year review of such cases at Indiana University Medical Center. These patients were initially seen because of their failure to thrive, and all were without significant subcutaneous fat. All had pneumoencephalography or ventriculography that showed a suprasellar mass displacing the anterior 3rd ventricle. Surgical confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained in every case. Ten patients underwent radiotherapy with subsequent reversal of the diencephalic syndrome.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;We report a new treatment for carotid‐cavernous fistula. Using a flow‐guided, balloon‐tipped microcatheter, we catheterize the fistula itself, verify balloon entry into the fistula with fluoroscopy and x‐ray films, and then infuse the tissue adhesive isobutyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate with careful fluoroscopic control. Three patients have had their fistulas occluded, with preservation of flow through the internal carotid artery. This balloon microcatheter allows the radiologist to perform a reversible test occlusion. All three patients had neurological changes during or after the procedure, and in one we inadvertently occluded several distal middle cerebral artery branches without permanent neurological deficit. No patient became blind or developed 3rd, 4th, or 6th nerve palsy from the treatment. This technique seems to have promise as another method for the obliteration of carotid‐cavernous fistula.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Gas myelography performed in the modified two‐step technique has proven to be effective in defining the character and extent of intramedullary spinal cord lesions. A classification of four types of spinal cord abnormalities based primarily on the hydrodynamic changes induced during gas myelography assists in determining the need for specific neuroradiological and surgical procedures. The comparative value of other myelographic and pneumoencephalographic techniques is discussed.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Red blood cell mass and total blood volume were significantly decreased in 15 nonselected patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Possible causes of the contracted blood volume include bedrest, supine diuresis, pooling in the peripheral vascular beds, negative nitrogen balance, decreased erythropoiesis, and iatrogenic blood loss. The data support the use of intravascular volume expansion with red blood cells and colloid in the prevention and treatment of ischemic complications associated with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Three cases of paranasal sinus meningioma are presented. Their variable pathology, including angioblastic and sarcomatous changes in two of the cases, and their persistent course are emphasized.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;With a closed head primate stroke model, acute cerebral ischemia limited to the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory was produced by macrosphere embolization of the internal carotid artery bifurcation. Measurements of the oxygen tension (PO2) at the cerebral cortical surface were obtained by continuous on‐line mass spectrometry. Percentage of dry weight and tissue sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations from ischemic and nonischemic hemispheres were determined at various times. With this preparation, we registered the precise onset of cortical surface PO2depletion, which showed an exponential downward trend (fast component from 0 to 5 minutes, t½= 0.8 minute, rate of change = 89% per minute; slow component from 5 to 240 minutes, t½= 285 minutes, rate of change = 0.3% per minute). After the onset of cerebral ischemia, there was an immediate fall of the cortical surface PO2with reductions of more than 45% at 5 minutes before definite hemiparesis and electroencephalographic abnormalities were recognized. During the secondary phase from 5 to 240 minutes, the cortical surface PO2fell by only an additional 23% of the steady state. Even so, when cortical surface PO2was maintained at this critically low level, the earliest cerebral cortical edema was evident 180 minutes after MCA occlusion. Thereafter, progressive accumulation of edema fluid in the cortex (90 to 170.8 microliters per g of tissue) and in the white matter (19 to 46.2 microliters per g of tissue) was detected by the end of 240 minutes of cerebral ischemia.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Several investigators have implicated norepinephrine and other toxic substances released in the region of a spinal cord injury in the genesis of the progressive pathological and clinical changes that follow spinal trauma. To test this hypothesis. we subjected cats to T‐10 to T‐12 laminectomy and monitored epidural spinal evoked potentials from sciatic nerve stimulation. The spinal subarachnoid space was perfused with normal saline, with norepinephrine solution, or with heparinized autologous blood or the pial surface of the spinal cord was exposed to macerated gray matter taken from the upper cervical cord. During 1‐ to 2‐hour exposure periods, we noted no significant changes in the base line spinal evoked potentials. In another series of cats, we have shown that norepinephrine perfused over the spinal cord in this manner diffuses rapidly into the subpial white matter. Therefore, its failure to affect spinal evoked potentials does not represent a failure to penetrate the spinal cord. Putative toxins must originate either in extravasated blood or damaged neural tissue in the region of the spinal cord injury. The failure of ascending spinal tracts to react to blood or cord tissue in our experiment suggests that toxins are not involved in the spinal cord dysfunction that occurs soon after injury.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;In an attempt to answer questions regarding nerve injection injuries, we injected 11 agents in current use and commonly administered by intramuscular injection into the sciatic nerves of adult Wistar rats. Equal volumes of normal saline were used as control. We harvested the sciatic nerves at various times after injection and examined them by both light and electron microscopy. We performed myelinated nerve fiber counts and constructed histograms. Any impairment of motor function was also noted. We gave injections to 79 animals a total of 158 times; 116 injections were directly into the nerve fascicle (intrafascicular) and 42 were into the epineural tissue (extrafascicular). The results revealed considerable variation in the degree of nerve fiber injury according to the agent injected. Minimal damage resulted from the injection of irondextran. meperidine, and cephalothin, and maximal nerve injury followed the injection of penicillin, diazepam, and chlorpromazine. The site of injection was crucial. Intrafascicular injection was invariably associated with severe nerve injury, but, with few exceptions, extrafascicular injection resulted in minimal damage. The quantity of drug injected was also important in determining the degree of injury. Large, heavily myelinated fibers were more susceptible to injection injury than smaller, thinly myelinated nerve fibers. The effect of the injected drug seemed to be related to injury of the nerve fiber unit—both the axon and the Schwann cell with its myelin sheath. Regeneration in damaged nerves was a constant finding; even the most severely injured nerves, with total axonal degeneration, underwent subsequent regeneration.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This technical note describes a means of converting a nonfunctioning end‐to‐side superficial temporal‐middle cerebral artery anastomosis to a functional end‐to‐end anastomosis.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID