ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Cerebellar infarction has been inadequately recognized by clinicians. A review of 75 cases showed that in 55 of them the infarct acted as an expanding mass lesion and compressed the brain stem. Once this occurred, the mortality without operation was very high. With surgical treatment, the mortality was reduced considerably. The computerized tomographic scan is the diagnostic test of choice.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The five cases of atlanto‐occipital dislocation reported in the world literature are reviewed, and four additional cases are presented, including two survivors. The pathological anatomy of this potentially catastrophic injury and its management are briefly discussed. Because immediate recognition of the atlanto‐occipital dislocation is critical to proper treatment and because the neurological findings are extremely varied, a new radiographic criterion for its identification has been developed.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Every craniotomy requires immediate replacement of a fresh autograft of skull or, in the presence of cerebral swelling, delayed reimplantation of preserved autogenous skull. Resumption of osteogenesis, the index of viability, determines the effectiveness of these segments of calvaria in protecting the brain and restoring skull conformity. The cellular response in skull replaced either at the end of craniotomy or after frozen preservation was studied by light and fluorescence microscopy, skull roentgenograms, and radionuclide scintigraphy. In 5 patients eventual total remodeling of skull was found at the time of a second craniotomy performed from 1 to 19 years after the first. In 12 patients skull sections removed aseptically at craniotomy were frozen and stored for 1 to 35 months at —20°C in bacitracin. This cytotoxic preservative method fixed the tissue, which appeared unchanged on light microscopy and was sterile on bacteriological and fungal cultures. In 53 patients who underwent autogenous cranioplasty with skull stored frozen for 3 weeks to 19 months, 48 operations were totally successful. Complications included infections in 2 patients, resorption in 2 infants, and incomplete restoration in 1 adult. In 10 patients the sequential dynamics of skull revitalization were found to be: revascularization, resorption, and accretion. The repair of membranous skull is similar to that of endochondral bone of the skeleton. Skull is metabolically intensely active after reimplantation and is the ideal material for cranioplasty.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This report describes the electrophysiological characteristics of thalamic and subthalamic targets used to control tremor. In these targets exploratory electrodes recorded one or more of the following events. Electrical stimulation produced enhancement of tremor or other complex motor responses. Somatic evoked potentials (SEPs) induced by proprioceptive stimulation showed only late components, the amplitudes of which changed in various attentive situations. Multiunit activity showed spontaneous 3‐ to 6‐Hz rhythmic bursts. And a lesion produced neglect of contralateral extremities and an ipsilateral decrease of scalp‐recorded SEP late components. In contrast, in the areas located immediately posterior and dorsal, electrical stimulation produced contralateral paresthesias. Early components of SEPs could be recorded, as were rhythmic bursts of multiunit activity after the occurrence of peripheral tremor. Lesions produced sensory deficits in the contralateral extremities and ipsilateral blocking of all components of scalp SEPs. The latter areas are identified as the lemniscal system, but the former seem to be extralemniscal. Their electrophysiological characteristics suggest that they are probably involved in the process of selective attention and motor control

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;We performed in vitro experiments with a small volume chamber to determine the inhibitory effect of nifedipine on serotonin‐, phenylephrine‐, and potassium‐induced contractions of canine basilar and femoral arteries. Nifedipine, an inhibitor of the influx of extracellular calcium into smooth muscle cells, was found to be a sensitive inhibitor of contractions of the basilar artery induced by all three agents. In contrast, nifedipine did not significantly inhibit the serotonin‐ and phenylephrine‐induced contractions of the femoral artery but did inhibit potassium‐induced contractions of the femoral artery. Calcium‐induced contractions of the basilar artery were also inhibited by nifedipine. These experiments demonstrate a relatively selective effect of nifedipine on the basilar artery, and a mechanism to explain this selective effect is postulated.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;In vivo experiments in dogs demonstrated angiographically that the subarachnoid injection of blood produced cerebral arterial spasm both immediately after the injection of blood and 2 days later. The sublingual administration of nifedipine reversed both the acute and the delayed cerebral arterial spasm. In addition, sublingual administration of nifedipine 20 minutes before the subarachnoid injection of blood prevented the acute spasm.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The present study was designed to test the effectiveness of furosemide in reducing cerebral edema due to closed head trauma. A Remington Humane Stunner was used to deliver blows to the heads of anesthetized cats. Impacted animals were divided into three groups: (a) trauma, no drug, and ad lib. fluid intake after head injury; (b) trauma, no drug, and standardized fluid intake (0.9% NaCl; 10 ml/Ib/day); and (c) trauma, furosemide (3 mg/lb/day), and standardized fluid intake. For the treated cats, we began furosemide therapy 1 hour after head injury and used three intramuscular injections/ day. The animals were killed 48 hours after head trauma. From animals with unilateral contusion, we took bilateral white matter samples from five points along the centrum semiovale and tested for edema using density determinations with an organic density gradient. Serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, and weight were determined before the cats were impacted and before they were killed. All impacted animals demonstrated weight loss. Density data showed a normal water content for white matter in the uncontused hemispheres of all impacted cats. Contused hemispheres showed a significant decrease in density (increase in brain water content) for both treated and untreated cats. In the furosemidetreated animals, however, the brain edema was significantly less than that found in the untreated groups. Analysis of data from individual brain sections of furosemide‐treated animals suggested a reduction in the spread of edema fluid 48 hours after head injury.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;To determine the influence of systemic arterial blood pressure upon the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury, we eliminated the increase in systemic blood pressure normally observed after trauma to the spinal cord with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine. Blockade of the pressure response did not influence the development of hemorrhagic necrosis in the spinal cord. We conclude that the transient pressure response accompanying spinal cord injury is probably not a major factor in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic necrosis at the site of the spinal cord injury.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID