ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This presentation is designed to share with fellow neurosurgeons a topic, namely the oath of Hippocrates, that has been a subject of fascination to physicians, scholars, historians, and even the public for the past 2500 years. Its moral and ethical message has exhibited remarkable resiliency through the ages, in varied cultures. Although its language may appear odd, its precepts are as valid today as they were in Hippocrates’ time. This can be best understood through an historical review of the oath’s transmission and acceptance in different eras of western history. The longevity of the oath, however, is clearly attributable to its intrinsic merit, its high moral reverent tone, and a literary eloquence that placed Hippocrates among the best writers of antiquity. Despite the fame of its author, the oath has experienced a life of its own, from relative obscurity during the Dark Ages to reverential study since the Renaissance. Five aspects are considered in this discussion, i.e., 1) oaths in antiquity; 2) a biographical sketch of Hippocrates; 3) the chain of transmission from antiquity to modern times; 4) comments on other oaths, prayers, codes, and credos; and 5) an analysis and some personal views of the oath.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fundamental postulates underlying the fabric of biomedicine are rarely discussed, much less seen in print. Scientific surgery and its subspecialties are relatively new fields, and their philosophical basis has received little attention since Halsted’s day. During the last quarter century, we have “reinvented” neurosurgery, and a concatenation of forces is escalating that is further accelerated by technological change. Social, economic, political, and scientific climates concurrently exert unusually stressful influences on all practitioners, irrespective of the individual setting. This provides a reason to reexamine what neurosurgeons do and why, and to attempt to define the guidelines of theoretical basis for the specialty of neurosurgery and its procedures. This article examines the accomplishments of past generations in an effort to establish surgical substrata and proceeds to attempt to readdress elements of a theoretical basis of our current practice.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

OBJECTIVEThere is no known effective treatment for chronic stroke. In this report, we used positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to map the metabolic brain response to neuronal cell implantation in the first human neuroimplantation trial for stroke.METHODSTwelve patients (nine men, three women; mean age ± standard deviation, 60.8 ± 8.3 yr) with chronic basal ganglia infarction and persistent motor deficit underwent FDG PET within 1 week before and 6 and 12 months after stereotactic implantation of human neuronal cells. Serial neurological evaluations during a 52-week postoperative period included the National Institutes of Health stroke scale and the European stroke scale.RESULTSAlterations in glucose metabolic activity in the stroke and surrounding tissue at 6 and 12 months after implantation correlated positively with motor performance measures.CONCLUSIONFDG PET performed as part of an initial open-label human trial of implanted LBS-Neurons (Layton BioScience, Sunnyvale, CA) for chronic stroke demonstrates a relationship between relative regional metabolic changes and clinical performance measures. These preliminary findings suggest improved local cellular function or engraftment of implanted cells in some patients.

ISSN:0148-396X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID