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1. |
The Relationship between Social Support and Major DepressionCross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Genetic Perspectives |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 251-258
TRACEY WADE,
KENNETH KENDLER,
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摘要:
Although social support (SS) is associated with risk for major depression (MD), we are uncertain of the extent to which a) low SS increases risk for MD, b) MD lowers SS, or c) both variables reflect a common genetic liability. Using two waves of interview data on female twin pairs from a population-based registry, we examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of eight dimensions of perceived SS and MD. Risk for MD in the last year was inversely associated with supportive spouse and relative relationships, and directly associated with problems in these relationships (e.g., too many demands, criticism, tension, and disagreements). Significant cross-time associations were seen only for spousal variables. The history of MD in one twin significantly predicted low relative and spouse support, and relative and friend problems, in her co-twin (MZ > DZ pairs). The relationship between SS and MD in women is complex and due to at least the three separate mechanisms outlined above that operate to varying degrees in different dimensions of SS.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Deployment Stressors and a Chronic Multisymptom Illness among Gulf War Veterans |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 259-266
ROSANE NISENBAUM,
DRUE BARRETT,
MICHELE REYES,
WILLIAM REEVES,
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摘要:
Unusual health problems have been reported by Gulf War (GW) veterans, but no single etiology has been linked to these illnesses. This study was conducted to determine the association between self-reported GW deployment stressors and an illness defined by a combination of fatigue, mood-cognition, and musculoskeletal symptoms. A total of 1002 GW veterans from this cross-sectional survey of four Air Force units completed a self-administered questionnaire that asked about symptoms, demographic and military characteristics, and stressors during deployment. Severe and mild-moderate illness was positively associated with self-reports of pyridostigmine bromide use, insect repellent use and belief in a threat from biological or chemical weapons. Injuries requiring medical attention were only associated with severe illness. These results suggest a link between self-reported chemical, emotional, and physical exposures, and GW veterans' illness. Further research is needed to determine physiological and psychological mechanisms through which such stressors could have contributed to this symptom complex.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
Peritraumatic Dissociation Following Motor Vehicle AccidentsRelationship to Prior Trauma and Prior Major Depression |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 267-272
CAROL FULLERTON,
ROBERT URSANO,
RICHARD EPSTEIN,
BRIAN CROWLEY,
KELLEY VANCE,
TZU-CHEG KAO,
ANDREW BAUM,
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摘要:
Individuals who dissociate at the time of a traumatic event (peritraumatic dissociation) are more likely to develop acute and chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about who is at risk of peritraumatic dissociation. Motor vehicle accident subjects (N= 122) were systematically recruited and followed over 12 months. We used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) and the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire-Rater Version (PDEQ-RV). Younger subjects were more likely to experience peritraumatic dissociation as were white versus nonwhites, and single versus married subjects. Younger subjects reported a greater number of peritraumatic dissociative symptoms as did subjects with an injured passenger. After adjusting for age and passenger injury, prior major depression was significantly related to more peritraumatic dissociative symptoms. An interaction of age and prior major depression indicated that those who were younger and reported a history of major depression had the greatest number of peritraumatic dissociative symptoms.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
Coping in Dieting and Eating DisordersA Population-Based Study |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 273-279
ATA GHADERI,
BERIT SCOTT,
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摘要:
The use of different coping strategies, measured by the Ways of Coping Questionnaire was investigated among 1157 women (18 to 30 years), randomly selected from the general population of Sweden as part of a longitudinal study. Subjects were clustered into five groups: subjects with past or current eating disorders (ED), and subjects with no ED but with past, current, or no history of dieting. Subjects with past or current ED reported significantly higher levels of escape avoidance and lower levels of seeking social support and purposeful problem solving compared with subjects with neither ED nor dieting. These group comparisons were then reanalyzed with sum of depressive symptoms as a covariate in covariate analyses. The only significant difference between the groups concerned the use of escape avoidance. The significant differences in the use of escape-avoidance strategies may motivate more extensive training in coping in the context of prevention and treatment of ED and maladaptive dieting.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
Stress Coping Strategy in Japanese Patients with Eating DisordersRelationship with Bulimic and Impulsive Behaviors |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 280-286
TOSHIHIKO NAGATA,
MIYABI MATSUYAMA,
NOBUO KIRIIKE,
TOSHIYA IKETANI,
JUN OSHIMA,
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摘要:
Although maladaptive coping strategies in eating disorder patients have been reported, the relationship between impulsivity and coping strategy has not previously been studied. Subjects consisted of 43 patients with anorexia nervosa restricting type (AN-R), 42 patients with anorexia nervosa binge eating/purging type (AN-BP), 71 patients with bulimia nervosa purging type (BN), and 97 controls. The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was used to evaluate coping strategies. Only AN-BP patients had a significantly lower task oriented-coping score than controls, and AN-R and BN patient groups used significantly less social diversion-avoidance coping strategies than controls. Emotion-oriented coping scores of AN-BP and BN patients were significantly higher than those of controls. In addition, impulsive BN patients had significantly higher emotional coping scores than less impulsive BN patients. These results suggest that maladaptive coping strategies may be a perpetuating factor even for impulsive patients and emphasizing a change in maladaptive coping strategies may be a useful treatment strategy even for highly impulsive patients.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Prognostic Significance of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Cocaine-Dependent Patients Entering Continuing Care |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 287-296
JAMES McKAY,
ARTHUR ALTERMAN,
JOHN CACCIOLA,
FRANK MULVANEY,
CHARLES O'BRIEN,
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摘要:
This study examined the relationship of antisocial personality disorder (APD) to response to continuing care treatments in a sample of cocaine-dependent patients. Patients (N= 127) were randomly assigned to 20-week standard group or individualized relapse prevention continuing care interventions after the completion of an initial treatment episode and followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months. APD and non-APD patients did not differ on retention in continuing care, substance use outcomes, social function outcomes, or experiences before or during cocaine relapse episodes. A diagnosis of APD was also not a predictor of differential response to the two continuing care interventions in the study. However, APD patients had worse medical and psychiatric problem severity than non-APD patients at entrance to continuing care and during follow-up. These results suggest that cocaine patients with APD who are in the continuing care phase of outpatient rehabilitation might benefit from additional medical and psychiatric treatment services.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Comparison of Self-Ratings and Therapist Ratings of Outpatients' Psychosocial Status |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 297-300
ADRIAN EICHENBERGER,
WULF RÖSSLER,
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摘要:
In psychiatric treatment, differences between therapists' observer ratings and patients' self-ratings are well known. We studied these differences in a sample of chronically mentally ill outpatients. The results show that the patients rated their psychosocial status significantly better than their therapists. By means of multiple regression analysis, we designed a model to explain the specific differences. By placing more emphasis on leisure activities and less emphasis on addictive behavior, compliance, and psychopathology, therapists might predict global ratings given by patients more accurately. This model helps therapists obtain a better understanding of their patients.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
The Spanish Version of the Quality of Life IndexPresentation and Validation |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 301-305
JUAN MEZZICH,
MARÍA RUIPÉREZ,
CARLOS PÉREZ,
GIHYUN YOON,
JASON LIU,
SYED MAHMUD,
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摘要:
Latino or Spanish-speaking individuals constitute a substantial and growing population in the United States, in addition to their general presence, with cultural variations, throughout Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. To respond to the needs of this population, a Spanish version of the Quality of Life Index (QLI-Sp) was developed. The QLI, in its various language versions, is a concise instrument for comprehensive, culture-informed, and self-rated assessment of health-rated quality of life. It is composed of 10 dimensions collated from the international literature, including aspects ranging from physical well-being to spiritual fulfillment, as well as a global perception of quality of life. Each item is to be rated on a 10-point line by Latino subjects according to their culture-informed understanding of that concept. The study samples included 60 Latino psychiatric patients (20 outpatient, 20 inpatient, and 20 partial hospitalization) and 20 Latino actively working hospital professionals. Mean time of completion was 2.4 minutes among health professionals and 3.6 minutes among patients. The vast majority of respondents (72% of patients and 100% of professionals) judged the instrument as easy to use. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient of the QLI-Sp mean score was .89. The discriminant validity of the QLI-Sp was documented by the highly significant difference obtained between the mean scores of the two samples selected to represent quite different levels of quality of life.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
Defense Styles and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 306-308
Philippe Birmes,
Barbara Warner,
Stacey Callahan,
Henry Sztulman,
Jean-Paul Charlet,
Laurent Schmitt,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
Patient Self-Report in the Assessment of Panic Disorder: Comparison with Interview-Derived Clinician Ratings |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 188,
Issue 5,
2000,
Page 308-310
Janet Woodruff-Borden,
Sarah Jeffery,
Stacey Bourland,
Andrew Brothers,
Anne Albano,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2000
数据来源: OVID
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