摘要:

In recent years, the re-examination of treatment outcome has substantially advanced the sophistication with which the issues involved have been conceptualized. This study is directed toward the empirical elaboration of four of these issues as they relate to adjustment in the community. They may be stated briefly as the extent to which a) a common outcome pattern exists across different dimensions of adjustment; b) the vantage point of the observer influenees adjustment retinge; e) judgments of overall improvement eneem pass the major dimensions of adjustment; and d) judgments of overall improvement represent changes in adjustment levels. With regard to the first issue, the data indicate that each major dimension of adjustment has a somewhat different pattern over time. Secondly, a substantial consensus exists between patients and their significant others concerning patients' adjustment relative to the adjustment of other patients as described by them and their significant others, although not in terms of the actual magnitude of their adjustment. Third, global improvement ratings are related to two dimensions of adjustment primarily (symptomatology and social involvement), and they are virtually unrelated to other major dimensions. Finally, global improvement ratings are highly reflective of the current level of adjustment. The relevance of these findings to outcome assessment is discussed and some suggestions are offered.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Many of the previous studies of rehospitalization are surveyed and those findings are abstracted that are relevant to three basic methodological issues: the selection of predictor content, the source of predictor information, and the length of the follow-up interval. An empirical examination is made of several questions surrounding each issue, including the relative predictive power of a) patients' background characteristicsvs.their behavior; b) symptomatic behaviorvs.instrumental role behavior; c) patients' own reportsvs.others' reports; d) hospital behaviorvs.community behavior; and e) each domain of predictor content at a 6-monthvs.a 1-year follow-up interval. Finally, indidivual predictors are selected from each domain to produce a composite picture of the person who is at high risk for rehospitalization.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients in a general medical practice who had scored above a cut off point on the Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire indicating emotional disorder were contacted for a retest. The 59 respondents who had had no formal psychotherapy were grouped according to length of time lapsed since their first questionnaire: less than 12 months (8 patients), 12 to 23 months (9 patients), 24 to 35 months (12 patients), 36 to 47 months (21 patients), and 48 or more months (9 patients). An analysis of variance showed no significant test-retest differences for length of time elapsed. A further analysis eliminating older patients showed a test-retest difference (regression artifact?) but no effect of length of time elapsed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent research on the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on memory is critically reviewed. Despite some inconsistent findings, unilateral nondominant ECT appears to affect verbal memory less than bilateral ECT. Adequate research on multiple monitored ECT is lacking. With few exceptions, the research methodologies for assessing memory have been inadequate. Many studies have confounded learning with retention, and only very recently has long term memory been adequately studied. Standardized assessment procedures for short term and long term memory are needed, in addition to more sophisticated assessment of memory processes, the duration of memory loss, and qualitative aspects of memories.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-five patients with chronic and incapacitating mental illness who had not responded to the usual pharmacological and interactional therapies were treated with lithium. None of these patients appeared to be suffering from manic-depressive illness. If a trial of lithium resulted in unexpected improvement, lithium's contribution was assessed by double blind substitution of a placebo followed by lithium in an A-B-A-B design in which the patient served as his own control. Five patients (14 per cent) improved dramatically; in retrospect, four of these five patients suffered from nonremitting forms of manic-depressive illness, and the fifth patient suffered from a severe obsessive compulsive neurosis. Six other chronically hospitalized patients improved to the point of unexpected discharge. A trial of lithium therapy is recommended for the “backward” or intractable patient.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The theoretical significance of the postulate of the self-esteem motive and related empirical findings are reviewed. Two hypotheses implied by the postulate are tested by way of further consideration of its justification.Hypotheses were tested using questionnaire data from 3148 junior high school students collected annually at three points in time.It was hypothesized and observed that a) mean self-derogation scores of the population would decrease significantly over time; and b) individuals with initially more negative self-attitudes relative to those with initially more positive self-attitudes would display significantly greater decreases in self-derogation over time.The findings are interpreted as support for the prevalence of the self-esteem motive. The observed increase in self-derogation over a 1-year period in persons with initially positive self-attitudes is discussed with regard to the literature on developmental disturbances in self-image; differential vulnerability to self devaluing experiences; and the relationship between change in, and level of, self-acceptance.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neuropsychological test performances of Huntington's disease (HD) and a mixed brain-damaged group were compared. Wechsler patterns in the present samples were compared to those of HD patients in the study of Bollet. al.(1), and some correspondence specific to HD is suggested. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories (MMPIs) were found not to differ between the HD and mixed brain-damaged groups.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1975

数据来源: OVID