摘要:

The Schizophrenia State Inventory (SSI), developed to assess major dimensions of schizophrenia, has in the past revealed significantly greater dysfunctioning for schizophrenics as a groupvs. nonschizophrenics along six of seven areas of clinical pathology: a) language; b) dysphoria; c) integration of self; d) thinking; e) general affect; and f) perception. The present investigation replicates and extends the original findings on a new sample of 119 patients, and combines both samples for a factor analysis, further elaborating the meaningfulness of the SSI.The original findings were replicated on the new, independent sample of 119 patients. On the scales of Language, Self-Integration, Thinking and Perception, means for the schizophrenic group were at least one full scale point greater than for the nonschizophrenic group. Mean differences for the scales of Dysphoria and Affect were also statistically significant.A factor analysis on a combined sample of 224 patients was conducted on 37 major variables derived from the research interview. This analysis revealed a first major factor, labeled clinical psychosis, comprised of variables suggesting that it indexed important clinical features of both psychosis and severe acute psychopathology. Additional support for the interpretation of the factor as one of clinical psychosis was found when further analysis was conducted in which each individual subject's factor scores were computed and at-test contrasted the schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic groups. The difference between the two groups was significant (p< .001). Scores from the three other major factors related to aspects of premorbid functioning and other clinical features did not discriminate between these two groups.The clinical relevance of these results is explored with special emphasis given to the SSI as a particularly meaningful way of understanding the clinical experiences of young schizophrenic patients during phases of acute psychopathology.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The author submits evidence to support the contention that antisocial and hysterical personality disorders are essentially sex-typed forms of a single condition. The features of each condition, he argues, are either common to both disorders or are related to sexual stereotypic traits. He reports on a study which indicates that mental health professionals tend to label men as antisocial personalities and women as hysterical personalities, even when these patients have identical clinical features. It is suggested that a unification of the two labels could have a beneficial effect on research and on understanding and treating the disorder and related conditions.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Forty-four per cent of 112 patients with anxiety neurosis reported episodes of depression during the course of their illness compared with only 7 per cent of surgical controls. Although the majority developed in response to environmental circumstances and were of brief duration, they commonly led to psychiatric treatment or hospitalization in this group of patients. Patients who developed this complication were shown to have a more chronic and severe underlying illness.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Disturbances in the circadian rhythmicity of biological functions have been reported in various mental disorders. Four lines of research—hormonal, electroencephalographic, cerebral spinal fluid, and circadian rhythmicity—suggest possible changes in suicidal individuals. During a study investigating the effect of a photoperiod shift on circadian rhythms, 15 male, healthy, normal subjects were used. Following a 5-day baseline period a 12-hour photoperiod shift took place and was followed by 10 days of recovery period. Multiple parameters were monitored. Two weeks following completion of the study one subject suicided. The data were examined to determine whether the suicided subject differed, rhythmically, from other subjects. Summation dials describing phase changes and vector difference dials describing dynamic phase relationships of rhythm pairs showed that the rhythms of this subject were poorly synchronized internally during baseline. Total urinary output of all parameters was lower than all other subjects during baseline and more of his urinary parameters rephased incompletely during recovery. The results suggest that circadian asynchrony and an inability to respond effectively to a phase shift may characterize a presuicidal state. These results are discussed in terms of the four lines of research involving biological aspects of suicide and suggest some intriguing interactions.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The five patients who were in psychotherapy with a psychiatrist who killed herself were interviewed 10 months after the suicide about their reactions to the event. At the time of the suicide most patients felt lost and angry as well as demoralized and alienated from the clinic where they had been treated. To some degree each patient felt responsible for her death and several experienced considerable difficulty related to the suicide in their subsequent psychotherapy. Suggestions for management are offered.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors studied the records of all persons convicted of homicide or found not guilty by reason of insanity during the years 1963 through 1975, 6 years before and after the opening of the community-based psychiatric facility, in Albany County, New York.Using the Fisher Exact Probability Test, a statistically significant increase was found for those found not guilty by reason of insanity (p= .041) and those with a history of mental illness found guilty (p= .036).Other factors, including age of the perpetrator, use of alcohol, and relationship to the victim, were also examined. The authors caution against sweeping indictments of community-based psychiatry and urge that the study be repeated elsewhere.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A double blind control comparison on the effects of 50 mg of clomipramine given three times a day and 150 mg of clomipramine in a single bedtime dosage revealed no significant differences in therapeutic efficacy. Patients reported more lightheadedness and dizziness but no differences on other side effects.The theoretical basis was the long biological half-life of such tricyclic antidepressants. Advantages included ease of administration, patient compliance, and timing of sedative effect.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One previous study reported that psychiatric inpatients on bedtime-only doses of tricyclic or neuroleptic drugs reported more frequent frightening dreams than did those on divided daily doses. As a further test of this hypothesis, and in order to see whether differences in frequency of frightening dreams were a function of differences in total dream recall, we administered a questionnaire to outpatients in a Veterans Administration Hospital Mental Hygiene Clinic, asking about frequency of dream recall, frequency of frightening dream recall, and doses and times of any medications taken. Questionnaire reports of medications were checked with the medical record of the patient; for 48 patients on tricyclic or neuroleptic drugs the reports agreed, and the data of these patients were analyzed. Our findings corroborated the previous report of more frequent frightening dreams in patients on bedtime-only dosage schedules (p< .01). In addition, we found no significant difference between the two groups with respect to frequency of dream recall; thus a difference in the affect of dreams, rather than a difference in quantity of dream recall, constituted the difference between the two groups. When a patient on bedtime doses of tricyclic or neuroleptic drugs has undesirable frightening dreams, the clinician should consider a change to divided daily doses.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prognostic value of the Premorbid Asocial Adjustment Scale (PAAS) was examined for a mixed group of 135 schizophrenics. The PAAS had nonsignificant correlations with three global outcome measures 1 and 2 years after admission for the patient group as a whole. However, the previous finding that the PAAS had prognostic value for nonchronic schizophrenic patients was confirmed. Prognostic correlations were significant for the half of the subjects who were above average in prehospital functioning, and were even higher in the younger half of this subgroup. The scatterplot of the prognostic relationship suggested the expected triangular shape, with poor prognosis associated with poor outcomes and good prognosis associated with mixed outcomes.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Promoters of institutionalized fighting skills and chiliastic activities generally share common objectives in their search for devices to overcome adversaries by impressive means. Unique is the case of Kung Fu for cargo reported here in which the patient suffered a grandiose paranoia following head injury and whose goal was the acquisition of both material and spiritual cargo as manifested in the Melanesian cargo cult.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID