摘要:

The authors review the many clinical and pharmacological factors that affect neuroleptic response and complicate the classification of schizophrenic patients into responders and nonresponders. The subtyping of patients on the basis of “positive” or “negative” symptoms and the presence or absence of brain atrophy may be particularly useful in predicting neuroleptic response. There is also a promising relationship between plasma neuroleptic concentrations and response. The concept of supersensitivity psychosis is introduced as a reason for apparent noresponse in some patients. In others, neuroleptic responsivity may be inherently variable. The authors make suggestions for future research in neuroleptic response.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eighty-one clinically diagnosed (DSM-III) Hispanic and Anglo schizophrenic subjects were evaluated with a structured diagnostic interview, the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule (NIMH-DIS), and a battery of rating instruments (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impressions, Global Assessment Scale, and Hopkins Symptom Checklist 90 [SCL-90]). The authors examined: a) consistency in reporting of symptoms across different instruments administered in different formats and b) the importance of ethnic background in consistency of responses to the different instruments. A subgroup of patients (23% of total) “denied” lifetime schizophrenic symptoms in the lay interviewer-administered structured interview (“DIS negative” schizophrenic subjects). The proportion of DIS negative subjects was very similar across the two ethnic groups. However, responses by DIS negative schizophrenic subjects to a self-rating instrument (SCL-90) were significantly different for Hispanic and Anglo subjects. A subgroup of Anglo subjects denied symptoms in the DIS, but volunteered them in the self-rating instrument. Responses of Hispanic subjects were consistent regardless of format.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent evidence suggests that cerebral atrophy with cognitive deficits is associated with negative schizophrenic symptoms, including poverty of speech and speech content. This report investigates the relationship between specific measures of neuropsychological dysfunction and four major indices of associative thought disorder in schizophrenia, to ascertain whether neuropsychologically impaired schizophrenics show more associative disturbance than neuropsychologically intact schizophrenics. Twenty neuropsychologically intact and 12 impaired schizophrenics, rigorously diagnosed by the Research Diagnostic Criteria, were administered the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. These two groups of schizophrenics were compared on a continuous word-association test, which included two nonverbal and two verbal measures of associative disturbance. The neuropsychologically impaired schizophrenics had slower reaction times (p< .05), but did not differ from the neuropsychologically intact schizophrenics on the verbal measures. Results indicated a stronger relationship between neuropsychological functions and the nonverbal dimensions (p< .02), than with the verbal measures. This challenges the assumption that a left hemisphere abnormality in schizophrenia is particularly associated with cognitive disturbance, and suggests that neuropsychologically impaired schizophrenics may show greater potential for negative schizophrenic symptoms.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ventricular volume estimates and an index of cerebral atrophy were obtained from computerized axial tomography scans of patients with presenile or senile dementia of probable Alzheimer's type. These measures were used to examine the correlation between morphological brain change and performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS). Despite ventricular volumes in excess of 60% larger than normal, no significant correlations were found between ventricular size and WAIS or WMS performance. The index of pericerebral atrophy did correlate negatively with various WAIS measures, particularly Performance IQ, and some aspects of WMS. performance. Results suggest that in Alzheimer's disease, pericerebral atrophy measures, but not ventricular dilation, correlate with intellectual decline and certain aspects of memory impairment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Over a 10-month period, 33 patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) were evaluated with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) simultaneously and independently by two experienced and two inexperienced raters. The experienced raters generally had higher levels of agreement and their scores were more consistent over time. It is concluded that experience with TD influences AIMS inter-rater reliability and that it is useful to differentiate TD movements into the dimensions of quality, frequency, and amplitude, dimensions not currently used in the AIMS. The usefulness and difficulty of developing more specific guidelines for AIMS ratings are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The psychological functioning of male heterosexuals, transveatites, preoperative transsexuals and postoperative transsexuals was assessed. The groups represented a gradient of progressive feminization which showed progressive levels of psychological dysfunction. The data indicated that the transsexuals studied were indicative of a select group demonstrating profound psychological dysfunction. The study contributes to the recent literature, which indicates that sex reassignment surgery for this group is not the treatment of choice. Criteria for projecting postoperative outcome are outlined which can be utilized to direct gender dysphoria patients to alternate treatments.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prior studies have suggested that male patients with uremia suffer from sexual dysfunction that worsens when they are placed on maintenance hemodialysis. The authors report a prospective study of the effect of maintenance hemodialysis on male sexual functioning using nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) measures and detailed sexual'histories. Twenty men already on maintenance hemodialysis and 23 men with advanced renal failure who began maintenance hemodialysis within 4 months of entering the study were followed at 4-month intervals for 1-year and 6-month intervals for the following 18 months. Sexual, performance as assessed by NPT, frequency of intercourse, and complaints of erectile failure remained remarkably stable over time for both groups. When renal failure patients moved to maintenance hemodialysis, their frequency of intercourse increased significantly despite stability of NPT. These results suggest not only that maintenance hemodialysis does not worsen sexual functioning, but that adaptation to a sexual deficit is possible after starting hemodialysis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Opioids and neuroleptics have similar effects in a variety of behavioral, biochemical, and clinical situations. Prolonged treatment with dopamine antagonists is associated with the development of a movement disorder, tardive dyskinesia. Animals treated with methadone for prolonged periods may also develop abnormal movements when challenged with amphetamines. In this study, 243 patients on methadone maintenance were examined for abnormal movements using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Methadone treatment alone was not associated with increased abnormal movements. Three patients with abnormal movements were found, but each was also receiving neuroleptics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 72-year-old woman, who had previously been diagnosed as schizophrenic, experienced a year of deterioration in her ability to care for herself. She was variously diagnosed as having parkinsonism, catatonic schizophrenia, atypical psychosis, depression, and dementia before she was appropriately diagnosed as having progressive supranuclear palsy.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID