ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The assets and liabilities of current methodologies for studying the development of schizophrenia are reviewed under three major headings: retrospective methods which draw inferences concerning developmental factors in the lives of subjects who are already ill by using data collected after the onset of the illness, childhood records methods which draw developmental inferences about pathology in adults on the basis of developmental data contained in records collected previously during childhood, and prospective or “high risk” methods which examine developmental factors in subjects not yet ill but having a higher than normal probability of becoming ill. The primary focus of the review is upon the relative capacities of existing methodologies to generate developmental statements at a high degree of specificity and validity. Retrospective methods reviewed include the systematic use of the case history interview, direct observations of patients’ behavior, psychological testing, and family interaction experiments. Childhood records methods examined include both “follow-back” methods in which early life events of adult patients are collected from childhood records and also “follow-up” methods in which a sample of subjects for whom childhood records are available is followed up in adulthood. Prospective methods examined include experimental designs employing a variety ofstrategies(longitudinal, cross-sectional, and compound designs) andcriteriafor selecting a high risk population. The advantages of prospective methods in solving methodological roadblocks inherent in retrospective and childhood records methods are discussed along with their liabilities, and details of current high risk projects and current trends in high risk research are described.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reviews the literature on the offspring of schizophrenic parents. Older papers are compared with more recent data that have been gathered as part of studies investigating the etiology of schizophrenia. Rather than discussing the implications these new studies have for the causation of schizophrenia, this paper focuses upon their clinical findings. These studies have shown: a) there is a wide spectrum of psychopathology found among the adult offspring of schizophrenics, ranging from schizoid disorders through schizophrenia to psychopathy, as Kallmann first described; b) that the incidence of this spectrum of psychopathology among these offspring is high, ranging from 25 to 45 per cent; and c) that the offspring of schizophrenics, as children, also show a considerable incidence of social and psychological maladjustment, estimated around 20 per cent, again with two prominent types: a withdrawn, schizoid type; and a hyperactive, asocial, delinquent type. As opposed to older reports, these children do differ from the offspring of control.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Delivery complications of schizophrenic women were compared to control groups in two studies. Although in both studies the schizophrenic women had more complications than normal controls, and more than personality disordered women in the second study, in both studies a neurotic depressive group of women had a comparable number. In both studies chronicity of mental disorder was more strongly related to number of delivery complications than any particular psychiatric diagnosis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As part of a rater blind outpatient drug study, 27 chronic schizophrenic patients experienced acute psychotic decompensation when removed from active medication. On close clinical observation, it was discovered that the patients passed through four distinct phenomenological stages during decompensation. During reintegration on active medication, the patients passed through the same stages, but in reverse order. Recognition of these stages is important clinically because it increases our understanding of the patient’s dynamics, serves as a model for the natural histories of the schizophrenias, and offers guidelines for psychotherapy and the administration of antipsychotic medication.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In comparison to general psychiatric patients and normal controls, chronic schizophrenics displayed greater reactivity to conditions of sensory deprivation and sensory overload. Overall, their performance conformed to an inverted-U-shaped function of arousal whereby deviations in sensory input, above or below a rather narrow range, produced increased regulatory behavior designed to restore sensory homeostasis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Schizophrenic (N=55) and normal (N=53) subjects were presented with sentences and series of random digits. Each test sentence and number series contained a dichotically presented click, and the subject was to locate the click with regard to the test string. In one experiment, sentence and number strings were alternated; in a second experiment, the different strings were recorded in blocks. Results showed that the predictive association of correct localizations in number series with correct localizations in sentences was from 2 to 6 times greater for the schizophrenic listener than for the normal subject. This suggests that limitations in sensory (i.e., nonsyntactic) information processing are an important factor in the schizophrenic’s impaired sentence decoding.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID