ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clinical research with hallucinogens has resumed after a generation's hiatus. To place these new studies in context, this article reviews the history of hallucinogens' use and abuse, discusses their pharmacological properties, and highlights previous human studies. Research with lysergic acid diethylamide and related hallucinogens with thousands of patients and control subjects was associated with acceptable safety when subjects were carefully screened, supervised, and followed up. Data were generated regarding hallucinogens' psychopharmacology, overlap with endogenous psychoses, and psychotherapeutic efficacy. Current American and European studies emphasize systematic psychopharmacology, in addition to psychotherapy protocols. Human hallucinogen research will help define unique mind-brain interfaces, and provide mechanistic hypotheses and treatment options for psychiatric disorders. It is critical that human hallucinogen research in the 1990s make use of state of the art methodologies, or consensually define when modifications are required. Training and supervisory issues also must be explicitly addressed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychoanalytical personality types and agoraphobia. Thirty-two panic disorder with agoraphobia patients and 18 agoraphobia without panic disorder patients attending an inpatient 11-week behavioral-psychodynamic treatment program were assessed repeatedly from pretreatment to 2 years after the end of treatment. On personality scales measuring oral, obsessive, hysterical, and reality-weak traits, there were no differences between agoraphobic patients with and without panic disorder. The examined traits correlated across the period from pretreatment to 2-year follow-up, although the potential influence of symptoms were controlled for. Higher scores on the oral scale predicted poorer course of symptoms in the year immediately after treatment. Scores on the oral scale decreased with the improvements of agoraphobic and general symptoms, but did not attain a normal level. The results supported a combined predisposition-state model for the relationship between oral traits and agoraphobia.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to show that, as a group, patients with social phobia and panic disorder differ with respect to personality traits, further validating the distinction between these anxiety disorders. To show this, we compared the response of 46 subjects with social phobia with the response of 72 subjects with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia on the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire. The subjects, who were recruited for treatment studies, completed this personality questionnaire after they had been off psychotropic medication for at least 1 week. Responses to the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire showed that the social phobics had more severe personality pathology. These subjects had higher anxious and schizoid cluster scores and differed from panic subjects in having more avoidant personality traits. Panic subjects had more dependent traits. The results indicate that social phobic and panic disorder patients are distinguishable on the basis of personality characteristics. They also show that the generalized situational subtype of social phobia is closely associated with avoidant personality disorder and that these may be differing categorizations of a single disturbance.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent work has shown that a substantial proportion of injecting drug users would have met criteria for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) if the childhood trajectory of conduct disorder (CD) were ignored. From among 545 St. Louis, Missouri, drug users interviewed in person, we evaluated the clinical homogeneity of the 405 men and women with adult antisocial behaviors who did and did not have conduct disorder. The fully diagnosed ASPD group (those with CD) was distinguishable from the adult antisocial behavior only group without CD on all childhood behaviors, adult impulsive and aggressive behaviors, and measures of severe drug abuse, including earlier age of onset of drug use and drug treatment utilization. Clinical homogeneity of the groups was reflected by the group's similarity on indices such as types of adult antisocial behaviors, consequences of drug use, injection drug use history, and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Implications for a modification in the concept of ASPD are addressed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We evaluated the relationship of antisociality to 7-month treatment response in 224 alcohol-and/or cocaine-dependent men. Subjects with and without a DSM-III antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) responded similarly and positively to treatment in a number of functional domains, including substance use. A more detailed analysis comparing subjects with ASPD, subjects meeting adult but not childhood ASPD criteria (A-ASPD), and subjects meeting neither adult nor childhood ASPD criteria (pure non-ASPD) revealed similar and positive responses to treatment among the three groups. The antisocial groups had more cocaine and alcohol use at the baseline evaluation, but at 7-month follow-up, they had levels of use not significantly different than the pure non-ASPD group. The findings suggest that an ASPD diagnosis or an adult antisocial lifestyle, at least as measured by DSM-III criteria, does not predict short-term treatment response.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This pilot study examined: the prevalence of childhood trauma in a sample of male veteran substance abuse inpatients, and the relationship of childhood trauma to substance abuse in this sample, controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Forty-six subjects were interviewed using the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID)-P Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders module, the Addiction Severity Index, and the SCID-NP-V PTSD module. Seventy-seven percent of subjects had been exposed to severe childhood trauma. Fifty-eight percent had lifetime PTSD. The total number of lifetime substance dependence disorders was strongly positively associated with total childhood trauma exposure. This relationship remained significant after controlling for demographics, family history of alcohol problems, combat exposure, and lifetime PTSD, including combat-related PTSD. A substantial number of these subjects reported exposure to childhood trauma, which in turn was related to multiple substance dependence. This has important implications for the natural history and prevention of multiple substance dependence disorders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A sample of 206 adolescent Cambodian youth and 159 of their parents were interviewed to determine the extent of their past war trauma during the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia (1975–1979), their resettlement stress, their current diagnostic status, and their functional ability as refugees in the United States. This report focuses on the last of these aims. Overall, these youth were found to be functioning quite well. Their diagnostic status did not relate strongly to their functional status. Parents showed a stronger relationship between diagnostic status and measures of functioning than did adolescents. The implications of these findings for future studies are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID