ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The diagnosis and clinical understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rests upon the explicit identification of traumatic experiences that give rise to a well-defined constellation of symptoms. Most efforts to investigate the characteristics of these experiences have attempted to specify war zone stressors as objectively as possible. In this study, we add specification of the psychological meaning of war zone stressors to their objective specification. Eleven traumas are organized in terms of four roles that veterans played in the initiation of death and injury; namely, target, observer, agent, and failure. These roles can be ordered in terms of the degree of personal responsibility involved in the initiation of death and injury. The relationships of these roles to current symptomatology were examined in combination with a set of objective measures of war zone stressors. The sample consisted of the first 1709 Vietnam theater veterans who were assessed in a national evaluation of the PTSD Clinical Teams initiative of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Results show that having been a target of others' attempts to kill or injure is related more uniquely than any other role to symptoms that are diagnostic criteria for PTSD. On the other hand, having been an agent of killing and having been a failure at preventing death and injury are related more strongly than other roles to general psychiatric distress and suicide attempts. These results support the interpretation that roles involving low personal responsibility for the initiation of traumas may be connected most distinctively to symptoms diagnostic of PTSD, whereas roles involving high personal responsibility may be connected as much to comorbid psychiatric symptoms, including suicidal behavior, as to PTSD.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Research has indicated significant comorbid psychopathology with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in samples of war veterans. The present paper examines the issue of comorbidity in a disaster sample to learn whether findings from veterans generalized to this event. A total of 193 subjects exposed to the Buffalo Creek dam collapse of 1972 were examined 14 years later using diagnoses derived from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID). Past and present PTSD was found in a significant portion of the sample. Major depression was the next most common diagnosis and was highly related to PTSD. Anxiety disorders were also common. The overlap with other diagnoses was quite similar to that found in a sample of Vietnam veterans we studied earlier, except that the disaster sample had fewer dysthymic disorders, substance abusers, and antisocial personality disorders. Possible explanations for comorbidity in chronic PTSD were discussed and it was suggested that the morphology of PTSD may be quite stable in at least some other nonveteran trauma populations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report describes the reluctance of individuals exposed to a man-made disaster to utilize formal mental health services. Measures were obtained in an initial screening 6 months after a shooting for 24 exposed school personnel. Data from the initial screening were compared for those who did not participate in a follow-up screening 12 months later (N=11) and those who did (N=13). Follow-up nonparticipants reported: more posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, especially avoidance; recall of life threat during the event; feeling depressed; and an increase in positivity toward victims but not about their work or mental health professionals. The authors conclude that some individuals may avoid formal mental health services because they serve as cues for malignant memory retrieval and discuss implications for service delivery.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The self-serving attributional bias was studied in matched groups of patients with persecutory delusions, patients with major affective disorder, and normal controls, (N=14 in each group). On a preprogrammed computer task, subjects mainly won points in one condition and mainly lost points in the other. Subjects were asked to estimate the degree of control they thought they had over winning or losing in the two conditions. In comparison with the normal subjects and the psychiatric controls, the deluded subjects showed a greater selfserving bias, as evidenced by their perceived greater control over outcomes in the win condition. These findings are interpreted as consistent with the hypothesis that persecutory delusions function as a defense against low self-esteem.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID