摘要:

The present study assessed whether the behaviors of a young and assaultive inpatient population could be modified therapeutically using token reinforcement procedures. Reversal designs were employed to determine the effectiveness of paying tokens contingent upon target employed behaviors considered important in the areas of self-care and personal responsibility. The data of this study extend the findings of other researchers by demonstrating that a token reinforcement program can be an effective means to motivate a young and assaultive inpatient population to engage in more constructive and socially acceptable behaviors.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Studies of behaviorally based alcoholism treatment regimes are critically reviewed. Aversion therapies, systematic desensitization, operant conditioning, and procedures designed to teach controlled drinking are examined. Variations in success rates among studies are analyzed in terms of differences in patient populations, assessment procedures, and extraneous treatment variables such as instructional set. The significance of comprehensive treatments, which not only suppress drinking but also accelerate behaviors that are incompatible with alcohol abuse, is discussed. On the basis of recent research data anin vivooperant conditioning approach is recommended

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To ascertain the current place of the theory and practice of behavior therapy in the curricula of medical schools and residency training programs in the United States, questionnaires were sent to 89 4-year medical schools and a random sample of psychiatric residency training programs. Although most respondents in both surveys indicated that some course material is offered in their program, in most instances the exposure is elective and the number of hours involved small. It is recommended that both medical students and psychiatric residents be given more opportunity in this area. Also, priority should be given first to learning the methods of behavior therapy—the application of principles of learning to the analysis of disorders of behavior—and second to experience with specific behavior therapy procedures.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Covert procedures used for behavior modification are discussed. These methods are labeled “covert conditioning” procedures because it is assumed that empirical generalizations of overt conditioning apply to the manipulation of covert processes. Four covert conditioning procedures are discussed: covert sensitization, covert positive reinforcement, covert negative reinforcement, and covert extinction. These procedures are conceptualized within the operant framework and it is assumed that the parameters of overt operant conditioning procedures are similar to those of covert conditioning. Clinical examples of the application of covert conditioning are presented together with references to experimental literature.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A total of 29 male Ss (10 good premorbid schizophrenics, 11 poor premorbid schizophrenics, and 8 normal controls) were administered the Lafayette Clinic Proverbs Test. Each S answered half of the test items under a condition of white noise and half without white noise. As a separate experimental dimension, each repeated half of the proverb items before his answer and did not repeat the other half of the items. Results indicated that voice volume was significantly increased in all groups when performing under white noise. Analysis of generalization (G) scores (abstraction) indicated that within the general context of normals exceeding good premorbid schizophrenics and goods exceeding poors, white noise had opposing effects on the good and poor premorbid schizophrenic Ss, especially under the no repetition condition. Good premorbids increased and poor premorbicls decreased G scores under the white noise. Information (I) scores were significantly higher among normals than among the poor premorbid schizophrenics, with the good premorbid schizophrenics falling in between. Results on the symbolic reasoning (SR = G × I) followed the G score results but were less strong. The results were discussed in terms of proprioceptive feedback, redundancy, and arousal interpretations of schizophrenia.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Studies dealing with the effects of alcohol on critical flicker fusion (CFF) are reviewed. The conclusion is drawn that relatively low doses of alcohol produce a decline in the flicker fusion threshold in normal subjects. Further, data are presented regarding the effects of alcohol on CFF in 32 male alcoholics. A decrement in the CFF threshold did not occur in alcoholic subjects given 8 to 10 ounces of vodka. This result suggests that CFF may be an objective measure of alcohol tolerance.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data are presented from a multidimensional, longitudinal study in 10 acute schizophrenics which indicate that the addition of benztropine to haloperidol reversed the course of some of the therapeutic changes. The nontherapeutic interaction was selective involving what may be called social avoidance behavior but not the cognitive integrative dysfunctions. It is suggested that neuroleptic effects on social avoidance behavior in schizophrenics may be mediated through a cholinergic system. Caution is advised against routine use of antiparkinsonism agents with neuroleptics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Present report examines the use of visual feedback to improve digital performance with a functionally deaf cerbral palsied child. Contingent and noncontingent feedback were compared with both the cerebral palsied child and a normal child. Results were of motor skills, with particular emphasis given to the issue of feedback.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case is presented which describes the utilization of the therapeutic paradox in the treatment of a chronically aggressive adolescent boy. The meaning of the aggressive behavior in terms of control and power struggle between patient and therapist is discussed. Considerations of control and responsibility were incorporated into a treatment program which seems to have led to a successful adjustment for the boy in question.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID