摘要:

Motivational needs and coping are important aspects of illness response. Clinicians must help guide illness response by suggesting constructive adaptive opportunities and by avoiding reinforcement of maladaptive patterns. This paper examines how the patient's search for meaning, social attributions, and social comparisons shapes adaptation to illness and subsequent disability. It proposes a coping-adaptation model involving the following five resources relevant to rehabilitation: economic assets, abilities and skills, defensive techniques, social supports, and motivational impetus. It is maintained that confusion between illness and illness behavior obfuscates the alternatives available to guide patients through smoother adaptations and resumption of social roles.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article is a description of different approaches to therapy with a family orientation. There are general categories of family therapy which had their origins in individual therapy, such as the approaches based upon psychody-namic theory, those derived from experiential procedures, and the behavioral approaches. There are also family therapies which have not developed from individual therapy, such as the extended family system approach and the communication school of family therapy.The different therapy approaches are described within a set of dimensions which characterize most therapy. Such dimensions include whether the past or present is emphasized, whether the therapist uses interpretation or directives, whether the approach is in terms of growth or specific problems, whether hierarchy is a concern, and whether the unit is an individual, two people, three people, or a wider network.Illustrations of the different family therapy approaches are given in terms of the kinds of information that would interest the therapist of each school and the kinds of actions he or she would take to bring about change.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Because Freud abandoned the use of hypnosis, most psychoanalysts tend to regard it as nothing more than an outdated concept of merely historical interest. Hypnosis, however, continues to provide a fertile field for research, insofar as no theory as yet propounded has proffered a satisfactory explanation of the phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to show in what way Freud revived professional interest in the problems of hypnosis, and moreover, how this subject remained an enigma to him to the end of his days.At the outset Freud was subjected to the combined influence of Charcot and Bernheim. The former drew his attention to the psychological dimension of hypnosis; but he was still the captive of physiological determinism. Bernheim, on the other hand, held that hypnotic manifestations are referable to suggestion alone, and are therefore of a purely psychical nature.On deeper investigation of the idea of suggestion, Freud came to discover the libidinal dimension of the hypnotic relationship, and to elaborate the concept of transference. InGroup Psychology and the Analysis of the Egohe attempted a more precise analysis of this transference. He emphasized the desexualization of the hypnotic relation, which in this respect he likened to group phenomena. In his view, collective psychology, just as hypnosis, is based on repression of the sexual instinct by the subject, who renounces his own libidinal demands in order to identify completely with one or more other persons.Freud explained this repression by the primitive human social organization, where the primal father had forbidden his sons access to the women of the tribe. Hypnosis is thus the reanimation in the subject of this archaic relation to the father. In the author's opinion, Freud was led to formulate this hypothesis because he realized that the explanation of hypnosis by transference did not account for the psychophysiological changes in the subject which are so characteristic of the hypnotic state.The phylogenetic hypothesis provides for him a possible answer to this problem, since, in this perspective, hypnosis represents a return to an archaic phase of human development inherent in the biological heritage of the species. We are, then, dealing here with a specific state of consciousness. Freud's recourse to phylogeny indeed bears witness to his difficulty in finding an explanation of the relationship between the psychic and the somatic, which is nevertheless one of the postulates implicit in psychoanalysis. More than 30 years after Freud's death, this relationship still evades our comprehension. Thus, hypnosis, far from being a museum piece, in fact borders on questions which are still today a focus for psychoanalytic investigations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A controlled study of siblings of hyperactive boys resulted in the following findings. The hyperactive child syndrome is more common among brothers of hyperactive children than among brothers of controls (26 per centvs. 9 per cent). Both probands and their brothers presented with more symptoms of depression-anxiety than controls. The probands, but not their sibs, presented with more antisocial symptoms than controls. Although differences in intelligence and achievement scores were found between probands, their sibs, and controls, both intelligence level and academic achievement were within normal limits in all groups.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One hundred ninety-nine male prisoners without prior felony convictions were evaluated through a structured personal interview administered within 24 hours of this arrest. While 46 per cent met psychiatric diagnostic criteria, only 5 per cent demonstrated a need for acute treatment for their affective disorder or organic brain syndrome. It is felt that the alcoholics (15 per cent) and drug-abusing prisoners (12 per cent) might benefit from counseling but were not in need of emergency care. The characteristics of men in each diagnostic group are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was administered to 66 non-narcotic drug abusers as part of an intensive study of polydrug abuse. Patients were classified into four primary drug-of-abuse groups using either stimulants, barbiturates, other sedative-hypnotics, or a combination of these drugs. It was readministered to 42 of these patients after 2 weeks' hospitalization. At admission, the group's MMPI profile was consistent with psychosis. At discharge, most of the MMPI T-scores were sharply reduced, and the group's profile was consistent with sociopathy. The admission MMPI profiles of the four primary drug-of-abuse groups did not differ. At discharge, the stimulant group's profile remained psychotic, while the profiles of the other three groups were not psychotic. Such results raise the possibility of a toxic psychotic effect of chronic non-narcotic drug abuse. The group of stimulant abusers appeared schizophrenic, while the other groups of non-narcotic drug abusers appeared sociopathic.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The variable of opposite eye and hand dominance is reviewed as a possible sign of learning problems and as an indication of congenital or early developmental brain impairment. It is considered as an independent variable in examining differences along several dimensions of psychological functioning as a possible discriminator of performance levels. It is also considered as a variable in discriminant function analysis to predict brain lesion process. Although few results were statistically significant, the numerous analyses were remarkably convergent in suggesting that crossed dominance is related to poorer verbal learning skills and is a useful variable in differentiating various process diagnostic groups.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thioridazine-tricyclic antidepressant combination is frequently used in clinical practice. One reason for the choice of this combination may be its anticipated effectiveness in depressions which show both retarded and anxious features. Because both of these drugs have an adverse effect on cardiac repolarization, this may be a particularly hazardous combination. Two cases are presented illustrating life-threatening ventricular arrythmia in patients who have ingested both thioridazine and tricyclic antidepressants.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID