ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychiatric diagnostic patterns were examined in two different samples of adolescents, one a group of psychiatric inpatients and the second youth apprehended by the law for alcohol-related difficulties. Affective disorder in parents was most closely correlated with a similar patient diagnosis or constellation of depressive-type symptoms in both samples of youth. Parental antisocial personalities, alcohol abuse, or drug problems correlated most closely with high levels of similar difficulties in individuals in the two studied groups. However, antisocial, alcohol, or drug problems of a mild degree were present in all subgroups of the two samples, perhaps representing a nonspecific reaction to parental illness or the occurrence of a broken home. A follow-up of future problems in both samples will be carried out to determine the importance of the family history and clinical picture in predicting the future course of problems.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study replicates and extends earlier work by finding that low levels of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity correlate with sensation seeking, high ego strength, positive affect, and high leisure time activity levels, somewhat similar psychological correlates also being found for plasma amine oxidase activity. Although there are several ways in which a schizophrenia/MAO relationship may exist and still be congruent with the present data, these results pose difficulties for theories which link low MAO activity levels specifically to schizophrenia. Nothing in the present findings, however, is incongruent with the possibility of an association between low platelet MAO activity and bipolar affective disorder.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In several studies of token economies, it has been observed repeatedly that chronic psychiatric patients conform to the same economic principles as explain the activities of presumably normal participants in the national consumer economy. Such observations are consistent with behavior therapy's assumptions that those labeled mentally ill follow the same psychological and social laws as those considered normal and that behavior is responsive to specific situational determinants. Although they disprove nothing, these observations may pose problems for more traditional approaches which view psychopathology as the result of central disorders or deficits with diffuse effects across a wide range of ordinary life situations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eighteen male alcoholics were randomly assigned to one of two alcohol detoxification treatments. One group received a low dose ethanol treatment while the other group received a chlordiazepoxide treatment. This study compares recovery of sleep EEG and clinical symptomatology following these two detoxification treatments. Sleep EEG and clinical measures were obtained for the final medication day and during a 6-day postmedication “recovery” period. The chlordiazepoxide treatment produced suppression of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep lasting for about 4 days and virtually eliminated δ sleep (stages III and IV) during the recovery period. The low dose ethanol treatment regimen produced less disruption of REM and δ sleep during the recovery period. These findings suggest that under some circumstances an ethanol treatment regimen may prove more beneficial to the healthy alcoholic patient than current regimens which employ other psychoactive medication. In particular, the long lasting suppression of δ sleep during the recovery period in subjects treated with chlordiazepoxide suggests a vulnerability of the slow wave sleep mechanisms during early alcohol abstinence and raises the possibility that this regimen prolongs functional tolerance to alcohol effects. Continued clinical evaluation of low dose ethanol detoxification treatment is suggested.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Premorbid competence has come to be considered an important dimension in predicting outcome in schizophrenia. From the growing number of social adjustment scales, this study focused on the four instruments that are currently used to assess premorbid competence specifically. The usefulness of these instruments was compared using the degree of inter-rater reliability and scale intercorrelation. Although the concept of premorbid adjustment appears increasingly complex, consisting of stages of adjustment and different levels for a single patient, at present the Phillips Scale has the best relative accuracy and clinical applicability.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Interview reports on 381 adult survivors of a dam disaster were scaled multidimensionally for psychopathology by having reviewers rate each report using the Psychiatric Evaluation Form (PEF) developed by Spitzer and his associates. Two independent reports were available for each individual, one made by a neuropsychiatrist hired by the coal mining company (M reports), the other by one of several mental health professionals (UC reports) who interviewed the survivors for purposes of litigation.A preliminary study was made in which four raters were trained and then each scored 40 reports on 20 subjects. Estimates of scoring reliability were obtained for the major summary and cluster scales under differing assumptions regarding the number and manner of assignment of raters per protocol. Estimates ranged from .63 to .77, using one rater. This could be increased to .74 to .87 by using two randomly assigned raters, but would require 400 additional man-hours. Furthermore, our estimates indicated that correlations between the two reports would be only minimally improved by the increase in scoring reliability. Hence, it was decided to use only one rater per report and assign reports randomly to all available raters.Validity of the PEF scores in this context was assessed a) by obtaining correlations between scores on the two reports; b) by comparing profile of mean scores with published profiles for inpatient and outpatient samples; c) by obtaining correlations between the PEF and scores on a symptom checklist administered to 231 survivors at the time of the UC interviews.Correlations of summary cluster scales for protocols obtained on two occasions in different environs by interviewers with vastly different backgrounds and viewpoints and scored by different raters ranged from .28 to .38. All correlations with corresponding dimensions of the symptom checklist were highly significant. The mean score profile (M and UC scores averaged) appeared quite similar to that of an outpatient sample. It was concluded that the scores obtained were meaningful and useful for further studies to ascertain relations between aspects of the disaster and psychopathology.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Confronted with the hazards of a patient unable to cooperate predictably with a 3-day radium implantation procedure as a part of cancer therapy, the authors describe in a case report their solution to an unusual clinical dilemma. The patient displayed adverse responses to psychotropics and nursing care was markedly restricted by radiation exposure limits. Behavioral management of the patient through the interval of radium therapy was successfully effected by the use of closed-circuit television monitoring combined with brief nursing interventions. This novel psychiatric adjunct to cancer therapy averted the threat posed by displacement of the radium implants.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An 80-year-old male is presented who had violent myoclonic seizures with occasional brief loss of consciousness, triggered by tactile stimuli directed to the upper extremities and upper part of the trunk which evolved over a 10-year period. Physical examination revealed very few neurological abnormalities. His resting electroencephalograms were normal, but generalized spikes, polyspikes, and slow wave discharges were precipitated by tactile stimuli with the patient sitting up. He showed no significant response to standard anticon-vulsant therapy. The relevant literature is reviewed briefly.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of possible organophosphate-induced parkinsonism is presented. The patient was a crop duster with numerous episodes of acute organophosphate intoxication and chronic organophosphate exposure. The etiology of parkinsonism is discussed in terms of a balance hypothesis between cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum. A possible relationship between chronic organophosphate exposure and alterations in central cholinergic or dopaminergic activity is suggested. The course of this patient raises the possibility that agricultural workers may be at risk for the late development of parkinsonism.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID