摘要:

This study investigated the lifetime prevalence of criminal behavior in a population of 360 Research Diagnostic Criteria alcoholics. The same number of control subjects were drawn from the general population of the same catchment area and matched with the patients with regard to sex, age, marital status, occupational level, and community size. The full account of conviction records in a criminal register was used as a measure of criminal behavior. Altogether, 68% of patients vs. 37% of controls had any criminal record. Higher rates were found for alcoholics than for controls for all types of crime; differences were especially pronounced in crimes against property and in violent crimes. We conclude that alcoholism contributes to criminal behavior to a considerable degree, independently of sociodemographic factors.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Addiction Severity Index and NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule data of 20 methadone-maintained subjects with “fake bad” invalid profiles on the Personality Assessment Inventory, 15 methadone-maintained subjects with “fake good” invalid profiles, and 158 methadone-maintained subjects with valid profiles were compared. The findings revealed a number of significant group differences on both measures with the highest scores for the fake bad subjects and lowest scores for the fake good subjects. These findings suggest that the response sets exhibited in response to the Personality Assessment Inventory questionnaire extended to performance during the two semi-structured interviews. There was no indication that interviewers were aware of misrepresentation. The limitations of the findings and alternative interpretations of the data are considered.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous research suggests that compulsive checking is associated with a deficit in memory for actions. In addition, evidence indicates frontal lobe involvement in both obsessive-compulsive disorder and in the monitoring of self-ordered actions. We examined the relationship between compulsive checking and performance on tests putatively related to frontal and temporal lobe memory functions. Subjects consisted of two groups of 14 university students identified as checkers or noncheckers according to the checking subscale of the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory. Checkers demonstrated significantly poorer ability to monitor their responses on the frontal task and a trend toward better long-term visuospatial memory. When the effect of trait anxiety was controlled for, the frontal effect was reduced to a trend, but the visuospatial memory advantage was enhanced. Although both a frontal deficit and enhanced longterm visuospatial memory may contribute to compulsive checking, trait anxiety seems to play a moderating role.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The ability of the MMPI and MMPI-2 to identify persons who were either free or not free from DSM-III-R-defined psychopathology was assessed and compared. University students completed either the MMPI (N= 388) or the MMPI-2 (N= 302) along with a computerized version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, which was scored according to the criteria of the DSM-III-R. MMPI profiles were categorized with several different rules as being within normal limits or not. DSM-III-R status served as the criterion variable, and 189 (27%) study participants met criteria for a current axis I disorder. Although MMPI profiles were more elevated than MMPI-2 profiles, the proportion of profiles categorized as either normal or abnormal did not differ. Both the MMPI and MMPI-2 demonstrated a statistically reliable degree of relation with the broadly applied DSM-III-R standard of current disorder or not. Predictive relationships were modest. The variance in DSM-III-R-measured psychopathology accounted for by MMPI or MMPI-2 categorizations averagedr2= .12. Contrary to hypotheses, our results did not demonstrate improved MMPI-2 discrimination.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This pilot study reports the development of a coding system for quantitative analysis of paintings produced by psychiatric patients. Color, color intensity, quality of line, space covered, and subjectively judged emotional tone as characteristics of paintings were recorded in each section of a grid superimposed over the picture. A sample of 39 psychiatric patients were classified into 4 groups using ICD-10 criteria: depression, psychosis, brain injury, and drug abuse. Six independent raters achieved excellent reliability across all scales on each of eight pictures. Analysis of variance results show that each diagnostic group differed on 4 of 13 variables: yellow, orange, color intensity, and line (p< .02). The prospects for further research are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID