摘要:

Previous studies have implicated low parental care and parental overprotection as risk factors for depression in adulthood. The present study further examined the association between perceived parental style and depression in two samples of medical students. In general, both low maternal and paternal care were associated with depression. Furthermore, maternal overprotection in the U.S. sample and paternal overprotection in the Scottish sample were also associated with depression. However, when results were analyzed separately for men and women, clear gender differences emerged, indicating that the observed relationships were occurring chiefly in the men, although there were some indications that low paternal care was associated with depression in women. Because such gender differences have not been previously reported, women medical students may be a unique group with respect to these relationships. Also intriguing was that although parental style characteristics demonstrated significant associations with self-esteem, this was clearly true only for men and not for women. Finally, the study provided the first partial support for the hypothesis that self-esteem mediates the relationship between parental style and depression.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The majority of schizophrenic patients from Western backgrounds develop strategies to cope with the positive symptoms of their condition. However, there is little evidence to indicate how these coping mechanisms are affected by cultural background. Seventy schizophrenic patients from Saudi Arabia (SA) and the United Kingdom (UK) who reported auditory hallucinations were interviewed to explore the ways in which they coped with their voices and sounds. Patients from both cultures had several coping mechanisms, but these varied between cultures. The majority of SA patients used strategies associated with their religion whereas UK patients were more likely to use distraction or physiologically based approaches. The majority of patients were slightly or not at all confident about the effectiveness of their coping strategies. This study suggests that clinicians, when they attempt to facilitate the use of such strategies, may find greater patient acceptance and efficacy if they are familiar with culturally specific factors.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several psychiatric disorders are associated with panic disorder (PD), although the nature of their relationships is unknown. The purpose of this study was to a) document comorbid associations with both PD and infrequent panic (IP), and b) investigate the nature of the relationships among these disorders. This community-based study included 97 adults who met DSM-III-R criteria for panic attacks compared with 97 matched controls. Psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using the SCID and SCL-90. Subjects with either PD or IP had higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity than controls. PD differed from IP only in its higher rate of phobic avoidance. Factor analysis found three factors: PD with phobic avoidance; substance abuse; major depression with obsessive compulsive disorder, social and simple phobias. Only phobic avoidance began secondary to panic onset. In conclusion, this study supports the PD-agoraphobia DSM-IV grouping while lending support to the common diathesis hypothesis for anxiety and affective disorders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Unit cohesion and homecoming support are examined for their protective effects on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychopathology. Data on 1198 male theater veterans were taken from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. Unit cohesion had no significant relationship, as a direct effect, to either PTSD or other psychopathology. In a pattern that wasoppositeto predictions from the buffering hypothesis of support, however, a high level of unit cohesion in combination with high war zone stress was associated with the highest levels of PTSD and psychopathology. This is consistent with Israeli experiences, suggesting that unit cohesion may have detrimental long-term effects on psychological well-being. In contrast, homecoming support was related negatively as a direct effect to both PTSD and other psychopathology. In addition, interaction results, consistent with the buffering hypothesis, suggest that the protective effects of homecoming support are magnified for veterans with high compared with low levels of exposure.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We reviewed U.S. Army medical boards (136 cases) held between October 1990 and July 1994 for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that involved participation in the Persian Gulf War of 1990 to 1991. Thirty-five percent of these soldiers (34 cases) had also served in Vietnam. Their records were compared with the records of 102 other soldiers also medically retired for PTSD who served in the Persian Gulf War but did not serve in Vietnam. Approximately one-half of the Vietnam group developed PTSD symptoms in anticipation of deployment to the Persian Gulf. Those soldiers with prior Vietnam service had statistically significant odds ratios for PTSD (between about 5 and 24) compared with soldiers without Vietnam service. These findings indicate that for some persons with prior war experience, the threat of another war is sufficient to exacerbate symptoms or provoke a new episode of PTSD and this risk is substantially greater than that for soldiers without such experience.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this study was to examine change in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders over a decade late in the lives of ex-prisoners of war(POWs) and nonprisoner veterans of World War II. In 1982-83 we drew a random sample of POWs and non-POWs living in Sydney, Australia. They were interviewed by a psychiatrist at that time and again 9 years later. They also completed self-rating anxiety and depression scales. Anxiety disorders were the most prevalent and declined by half from 32.7% at the first interview to 16.8% 9 years later (p<.001) whereas the prevalence of depressive disorders fell by two-thirds from 26.9% to 8.7% (p<.001). In POWs the prevalence of both anxiety and depression declined more markedly than in non-POWs. Consistent changes also occurred in scores on the self-rating anxiety and depression scales. The psychological impact of these POWs' tragic wartime experience had at last begun to dim after nearly 50 years.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Concentration camp survivors from Bosnia-Herzegovina, now refugees in the Netherlands, were given early outpatient treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for 6 months. They were tested with the Watson Questionnaire before entering therapy, after 6 months and 3 years later when a structured interview designed to obtain information on psychosocial status was administered. Data were analyzed with PCA-STAT 1.1 statistical package. The treatment was effective on a short-term basis with some long-term effects. Elderly people were no more vulnerable to the onset of PTSD than younger ones but were more resistant to therapy. Psychosocial factors had neither protective nor risk value for the development of PTSD in this group.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Approximately 250,000 Vietnam veterans suffered cerebral malaria, an illness that often results in damage to subcortical white matter and fronto-temporal areas of neocortex. Case reports dating back 2500 years indicate that survivors of cerebral malaria show depression, poor memory, personality change, and irritability/violence. The purpose of the present study was to compare the neuropsychiatric status of Vietnam veterans who had suffered cerebral malaria in the remote past (i.e.,1966 to 1969) with that of Vietnam veterans wounded in combat who had not suffered malaria or other neurological conditions. Findings indicate that cerebral malaria results in multiple, major, substantially underappreciated neuropsychiatric symptoms in Vietnam veterans, including poor dichotic listening,“personality change,” depression, and, in some cases, partial seizure-like symptoms. Findings strongly suggest that history of malaria should be considered in any medical, psychological, or psychiatric workup of a Vietnam War veteran because a positive response could result in substantial changes in diagnosis and treatment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID