摘要:

Patient blindability was examined in clinical, psychopharmacological, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depression. Based on the presence of clinical improvement and side effects, patients were able to determine correctly whether they took medication versus placebo. On the basis of these preliminary findings, the authors question the blindability of patients in clinical trials. Implications for the continued use of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-four, first-admission, psychotic subjects and 24 control subjects were administered a linguistic instrument to elicit impairments in syntax, semantics, cohesion, and use of metaphors. In the same session, the subjects were also rated on the Scale for Thought, Language, and Communication Disorders (TLC). Results indicated a significant impairment of all four linguistic categories in psychotic subjects. The impairment in semantics, however, was differentiated the most between the patient and control groups. The psychotic patients scored significantly higher on the TLC. Scores of impairment on the linguistic tasks did not correlate with scores on the TLC.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors describe the systematic assessment of dissociative symptoms using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D) in 50 psychiatric outpatients with a referring DSM-III-R diagnosis of either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N= 31) and subjects with multiple personality disorder (MPD [DSM-IV name change: dissociative identity disorder];N= 19). Results indicate that patients with MPD experience significantly higher scores for five specific dissociative symptoms than patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The range, severity, and nature of the five dissociative symptom areas evaluated by the SCID-D distinguish MPD from the occasional occurrence of dissociative symptoms which may be seen in schizophrenia. Systematic assessment of dissociative symptoms using the SCID-D can assist in accurate differential diagnosis of MPD and schizophrenia.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated facial and facial affect recognition abilities among hypothetically schizotypic college men, defined by high scores on the perceptual aberration, magical ideation, and schizotypy scales. Groups were commensurate in age, handedness, and general intelligence. Multiple analyses of variance revealed that high-scoring subjects, relative to control subjects, made more errors on a facial affect recognition task (F= 5.32,p< .05) and on a facial recognition task (F= 8.5,p< .01). Additional multiple analyses of covariance using the face recognition scores as the covariant found no group differences. These results extend similar findings in schizophrenic individuals to hypothetically schizotypic college students, and suggest that both groups exhibit affect recognition deficits that reflect generalized attention and vigilance deficits rather than a specific emotion recognition deficit.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The precise interrelationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depression (MD) remains unclear. To elucidate this further, we studied the characteristics of BPD in an unselected sample of 103 depressed subjects. All subjects were evaluated with structured diagnostic instruments. We contrasted three groups (MD plus BPD, MD plus a non-BPD, and MD plus no personality disorder) across several domains (characteristics of the depressive disorder, psychometric scales, axes I and II comorbidity, early environmental indices, family psychiatric history, and treatment response). Depressed subjects with BPD had significantly earlier onset of depression, dense axes I and II comorbidity, and higher prevalence of conduct disorder, and were characterized by elevated psychoticism and anger-hostility scores. In most other respects, however, depressed subjects with BPD were not strikingly distinct from other groups of depressed subjects.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this article, we compare problem severity and adult antisocial behavior among three groups of cocaine- or alcohol-dependent patients: those with antisocial personality disorder (APD), those who met adult but not childhood APD criteria (A-APD), and those who met neither (non-APD) in order to determine the clinical utility of the A-APD category. Subjects were 269 male veterans admitted for substance abuse treatment. The Addiction Severity Index was used to determine problem severity and the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to obtain positive DSM-III APD criteria and APD diagnoses. More APD subjects reported arrests, illegal behavior, and chronic lying than A-APD and non-APD subjects. On several variables (recent family/social problems, trouble controlling violent behavior, and time incarcerated), A-APD subjects were intermediate in severity. Overall, the non-APD subjects had the least severe problem status. When the APD and A-APD groups were equated on number of positive adult APD criteria, the only differences that consistently remained were difficulty controlling violent behavior and commission of criminal acts, which were endorsed more frequently in the APD group. It appears that the unique contribution of the early onset criteria for the APD diagnosis is that it identifies individuals more likely to engage in criminal and violent behavior. The more general irresponsibility and disregard for the rights of others characteristic of APD is equally evident in both antisocial groups. This work indicates that the APD versus non-APD distinction may not be fine grained enough for clinical or research purposes.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID