ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A treatment involving chronic implantation of a receiver that can be activated by an external power source to stimulate specfic brain sites has been used in 11 patients with intractable psychiatric illness. All of the patients, a heterogeneous group, had failed to respond to all indicated treatments. Length of illness varied from 6 to 23 years without significant remission. Of the 11 patients, four had uncontrollable violence-aggression (two with no demonstrable organic brain disease and two with brain pathology), five were chronic schizophrenics, and two had lifelong patterns of severe neurosis in addition to the disabling disorder for which the procedure was performed. Three of the 11 patients had seizures in addition to behavioral pathology.Ten of the 11 patients are out of the hospital and functioning without medications or other treatment. Some are symptom-free and others have shown significant improvement. The one patient who failed to respond had an organic lesion over the cerebellar site that was to be stimulated.The rationale for the procedure was based on data gathered during earlier therapeutic studies in patients with depth electrodes and extensive anatomical and physiological experiments in animals. The transistorized stimulator used in treating these patients is similar to stimulators being used for treatment of epileptic and spastic patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The questions, “What is the purpose of living?” and “Why do I exist?” haunt modern Western civilization and the absence of an adequate answer to them has given rise to the “illness” of meaninglessness or anomie. Psychiatrists, themselves, are afflicted with this same illness, partly because the problem of the meaning of life is solved by a special type of perception rather than by logic — psychiatry is trapped by its commitment to rationalism.Sufism, on the other hand, is a tradition devoted to the development of the higher intuitive capacity needed to deal with this issue. By taking advantage of the special science of the Sufis, Western civilization may be able to extricate itself from its dilemma and contribute to the development of man's full capacities.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study attempts to test the hypothesis that 14 categories of patient requests are relatively independent mathematically. The request categories were identified in the conduct of initial interviews in a walk-in clinic. To test the independence of the 14 request categories, we administered an 84-item Patient Request Form (PRF) to 296 patients coming to the walk-in clinic of a general hospital. In a previous study using a 75-item version of the PRF on a sample of 201 patients, only nine of the request categories were confirmed according to the criterion that three of the five items in the request category appear on the same factor with a loading of 0.4 or greater. The 84-item PRF is a revised form which contains 40 new items designed to capture more accurately the clinical meaning of the requests. Thirteen of the 14 request categories were confirmed in the present factor study using the same confirmation criterion as the earlier study. Three higher order request dimensions were identified by a factor analysis of each patient's 14 request category scores. The request dimensions were for affective-dependence, cognitive understanding, and active intervention. Preferences among the requests are described.The results of this study are relevant in the following ways; 1) knowledge of the range and definition of patient requests enhances the clinician's ability to hear and respond to the patient's request; 2) facilitating the patient's expression of his request enhances the flow of the interview; 3) describing the distinct requests gives clinicians the opportunity to explore the efficacy of various treatment responses to each request; 4) knowing the request facilitates the negotiation process when clinician and patient are in conflict; 5) the PRF serves both as a clinical and a research tool; and 6) the methods used in this study are applicable to other settings, particularly in medical clinics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a group of 191 women admitted to the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital for depression over a 45-year period and selected on the basis of alcoholism or antisocial personality,vs. depression, in a parent, 105 probands fit into the depression spectrum group (parental alcoholism or antisocial personality) and 86 into the pure depression group (parental depression). Few differences were found between the presenting clinical pictures (including precipitating factors) of the two groups; but depression spectrum patients and pure depressive patients showed study differences in the areas of personal problems and personality as well as course of illness. The depression spectrum patients were significantly less likely to have loss of interest in usual activities as a symptom at index admission. They were significantly more likely to have had a history of sexual problems, to have been divorced or separated before, to have been described as irritable, and to report having previously been depressed. They are nonetheless significantly more likely to recover completely and have no relapse of depression.The pure depression group were significantly more likely to have depressed sisters, and suicide was much more frequent in their ill parents.Thus, important personality and course differences separate depressive spectrum disease from pure depressive disease.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Independent investigations of alcoholism and aging have demonstrated significant parallels between the two phenomena suggesting the possibility of “premature aging” as a result of alcoholism. To test this hypothesis a cross-sectional design was utilized with three groups of 20 male subjects: young normal (mean age 31 years), young alcoholics (mean age 33 years), and elderly normal (mean age 71 years). Eleven objective measures, selected from a battery of sensory and perceptual motor tests routinely used to evaluate cerebral dysfunction in hospitalized patients, were compared for the three groups.The results indicated a definite general decline in neuropsychological functioning with aging and suggested a similar trend with alcoholism. The tendency seen with alcoholism was least apparent with regard to fundamental sensory-motor functions and the perceptual functions of vision and audition and most apparent with regard to short term memory and abstract reasoning,i.e., higher mental processes. The results provided support for the hypothesis that chronic alcoholism causes premature aging of neuropsychological functions and possibly the brain.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The literature concerning autofellatio is reviewed, and two additional cases are reported. A third case of a neurotic patient in whom there was a reversal of an autofellatio fantasy is presented. These cases seem to involve narcissism, dependency, and power conflicts as have those cases previously reported in the literature.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A retrospective study of 820 rehospitalizations of chronic schizophrenics in Greece showed no significant difference in the discharge-rehospitalization, discharge-relapse, and relapse-rehospitalization time intervals, between the patients who continued to receive their medication after discharge regularly, and the patients who discontinued their medication upon discharge.Furthermore, there seemed to be an increased social adaptability or tolerance of the psychotic behavior of the patients who had discontinued their medication, suggested by their longer relapse-rehospitalization time interval.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID