ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One hundred three children, ages 6 to 12 years, who were evaluated in a psychiatric outpatient clinic and an inpatient unit of a large municipal hospital, were compared with regard to suicidal and assaultive behaviors, recent and chronic affects and behaviors, recent environmental stresses, family background, and ego functioning. The hospitalized children showed multiple deficits in ego functioning, more dangerous acting out behaviors, disabilities in regulation of affect states, and more severe psychopathology of the parents, primarily the mother. Multiple regression analyses showed that the child's assaultive behavior, suicidal behavior, antisocial behavior, reality testing, parental separation, and parental pregnancy complications accounted for 51.2 per cent of the variance in the prediction of psychiatric hospitalization. Recommendations are made concerning indications for psychiatric hospitalization.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Young women who attempted suicide scored in a significantly more external manner than a control group on a locus of control scale. However, for the suicide attempters, those whose attempt resulted in the most risk to life tended to score more internally than those whose attempt caused negligible physical harm. There was a significant correlation between locus of control scores and hopelessness, though not with depression. There was also a significant correlation between locus of control scores and a measure of perceived childhood stress.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reports findings from a study of ego functioning in a sample of 97 opiate addicts applying for treatment and a demographically matched control group of 29 applicants at a job training program. Level of ego development was evaluated using the Loevinger Sentence Completion Test. In addition, in the addict sample, we assessed the correlation between level of ego development and other clinical features including present and past drug use, criminal history, psychological symptoms, and social functioning. The mean ego development scores for the opiate addicts and controls were not significantly different although both groups achieved scores that were, on the average, one full stage lower than those obtained in other studies of nonclinical adult populations. Ego development ratings indicated that around one third of both addict and control groups seemed to be relying on internalized standards for self-regulation. Within the addict group, those at lower levels of ego development reported more psychological symptomatology, poorer social functioning, and heavier drug use. Implications for treatment planning and rehabilitative efforts are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Neuropsychological functioning in opiate addicts has been infrequently studied and results have been contradictory. In the current study, 72 opiate addicts, 60 epileptics, and 29 demographically comparable normals were tested using a brief neuropsychological test battery. Few significant differences were noted between the performance of addicts and the subjects in comparison groups, and these were in a direction suggesting better functioning in the addict sample. Follow-up re-evaluation of addicts showed stability in most measures but significant improvement in measures of intelligence quotient, verbal fluency, and new associative learning. Performance on neuropsychological tests was shown to be independent of current or past levels of opiate use and to be of little prognostic significance in relation to treatment outcome. In contrast, a comparatively strong association was noted between measures of neuropsychological functioning and educational achievement.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The study of flashback phenomena has been neglected in recent years. A case study and a subsequent literature review examine areas about which conflicting opinions exist. Epidemiological studies have not arrived at universally acceptable classificatory schemes. Clinical approaches vary in accounts of phenomenology of the syndrome and the typology of personalities involved. Etiology remains unknown in spite of numerous theories, most of them not experimentally tested. Diagnostic studies may benefit from recent technological advances such as continuous electroencephalogram, computerized axial tomography scan, cerebral blood flow, and neuropsychological tests. TheDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Edition, does not seem to provide an adequate taxonomic niche for this disorder. Therapeutic interventions are examined and their results critically analyzed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twelve good sleepers and 12 insomniacs were recorded over three nights in their homes. Subjective assessment of sleep indicated minimal disruption due to sleep recording procedures. A cut point of 88 per cent sleep efficiency resulted in correct classification of nine poor sleepers and 10 good sleepers. Multiple discriminant function analyses, using variables related to rapid eye movement sleep, resulted in the same number of correct classifications. The two indices combined resulted in 100 per cent exclusion of false positives for good sleepers and insomniacs. Insomniacs also showed more night-to-night variability in sleep and greater difficulty in returning to sleep once aroused. These results show that good sleepers and insomniacs can be distinguished with a high degree of resolution using variables derived from the home all-night sleep recording.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Simple reaction time (RT) obtained from trials presented in isotemporal series (preparatory intervals of the same duration) were partitioned into premyographic and myographic time components for 20 schizophrenic and 20 normal subjects according to a previously developed procedure. This procedure allowed for an examination of the relative contributions made by these RT components to: a) overall mean reaction time; and b) the crossover pattern of responding as first observed by David Shakow. In addition, a within-subject comparison of the traditional press-release motor task and an alternative press-only motor task was made. Differential predictions were made as to the effect of the task manipulation from: a) the loss of major set; and b) the reactive inhibition interpretational positions.It was found that the schizophrenics' crossover pattern of responding was specific to the press-release task. Furthermore, it was apparent that both premyographic and myographic components of the RT interval contributed to: a) their overall longer mean RTs, as well as b) their increased magnitude of crossover. The results were seen as supporting the view that inhibitory processes triggered by the increased levels of arousal during the isotemporal series are responsible for the schizophrenics' crossover pattern of responding on the press-release task. It was noted that the loss of major set explanation need not be seen as incompatible with a reactive inhibition explanation of the crossover effect.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The hypothesis of premature aging in middle-aged female alcoholics was tested by comparing their level and pattern of neuropsychological test performance with age-equated nonalcoholic females and elderly nonalcoholic women. Alcoholics had significantly poorer performance on the tests than nonalcoholic peers but performed significantly better than the elderly. A subsample of more severe alcoholics was not significantly different from the elderly in level of performance although they were approximately 20 years younger. However, there were no differences among the groups in pattern of test performance. The data on level of performance partially support the hypothesis of premature aging in alcoholics. Stronger support would be attained if it were demonstrated that the alcoholics and elderly have a similar impairment in the neuropsychological processes eventuating in lowered performance.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A patient with long-standing refractory depression was successfully treated with trimipramine and phenelzine after treatment failure on tricyclics and tranylcypromine given separately. One-year follow-up demonstrated continued effectiveness of the combined tricyclic-monoamine oxidase inhibitor regimen; however, medication discontinuation against medical advice lead to a fatal overdose.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID