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1. |
Affective Reactivity of Language in Stable Schizophrenic Outpatients and Their Parents |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 313-318
NANCY DOCHERTY,
WILLIAM SLEDGE,
BRUCE WEXLER,
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摘要:
We assessed levels of communication disturbance by counting the frequency of unclear linguistic references in the speech of 10 stable schizophrenic outpatients, 18 of their “unaffected” parents, and 10 nonpsychiatric controls, in affectively negative versus affectively positive conditions. Patient and parent groups scored approximately equally on the reference performance measure in the positive condition, and significantly more poorly than controls. Patients' speech deteriorated significantly in the negative condition, while parents' and controls' speech did not. The degree to which patients' speech was reactive to negative affect corresponded to the severity of their core positive symptoms of delusions and hallucinations. Poor reference performance in parents predicted poor performance and a more severe history of positive symptoms in their patient offspring. These data support the hypothesis that poor reference performance represents a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia, and that affective reactivity of language symptoms is associated with an underlying positive schizophrenic process
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Patterns of Speech Disorders in Schizophrenia and Mania |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 319-326
MICHAEL TAYLOR,
ROBYN REED,
SHERI BERENBAUM,
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摘要:
Formal thought disorder (FTD), defined as abnormal speech, has been associated with schizophrenia and likened to fluent aphasia. Whether FTD differentiates subtypes of schizophrenics and discriminates schizophrenics from other patients is unclear. We studied this issue by analyzing ratings of FTD of 170 schizophrenics and 62 manics. Eighty percent of emotionally blunted schizophrenics had FTD compared with 6.5% of manics. Factor analysis revealed verbiage disturbance and disorganized speech factors (44% of the variance). We assessed the discriminating ability of these factors, and compared these results to those from factors derived from Andreasen's positive/negative FTD construct, and to factors derived from speech and language diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and mania in the proposed DSM-IV. Overall classifications were similar (91%, 91%, and 88%, respectively). We also found that FTD was related to emotional blunting, but not to other psychopathology
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
The Mental Health Relevance of Idioms of Distress Anger and Perceptions of Injustice among New York Puerto Ricans |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 327-330
LLOYD ROGLER,
DHARMA CORTES,
ROBERT MALGADY,
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摘要:
Cultural sensitivity in mental health research is enhanced by examining the collective perceptions of members of ethnic groups about their own idiomatic expressions of distress. Such an examination was conducted with Puerto Ricans living in New York City, beginning with focus group discussions. Their prevailing idioms of distress, based upon themes of anger and injustice, were correlated widely with professionally developed measures of anxiety, depression, and somatization and with utilization of professional mental health care. By examining the relationship between idioms of distress, saliently volunteered by members of the ethnic ingroup, on the one hand, and professional care and assessments of mental health, on the other, we increase our culturally based understanding of mental health in the community
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
Disease, Disorder, or Deception? Latah as Habit in a Malay Extended Family |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 331-338
ROBERT BARTHOLOMEW,
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摘要:
Thirty-seven cases of latah are examined within the author's Malay extended family (TV=115). Based on ethnographic data collected and a literature review, cases are readily divisible into two broad categories: habitual (N=33) and performance (N=4). The first form represents an infrequent, culturally conditioned habit that is occasionally used as a learned coping strategy in the form of a cathartic stress response to sudden startle with limited secondary benefits (i.e., exhibiting brief verbal obscenity with impunity). In this sense, it is identical to Western swearing. Performers are engaged in conscious, ritualized social gain through the purported exploitation of a neurophysiological potential. The latter process is essentially irrelevant, akin to sneezing or yawning. It is concluded that latah is a social construction of Western-trained universalist scientists. The concept of malingering and fraud in anthropology is critically discussed
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
The Interminable Debate on the Nature of Latah |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 339-341
RONALD SIMONS,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Remission and Relapse of Substance Use Disorders in Schizophrenia Results From a One-Year Prospective Study |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 342-348
BRIAN CUFFEL,
PAUL CHASE,
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摘要:
Recent studies of the effectiveness of specialized programs that treat substance use disorders in schizophrenia have obtained promising results but have not involved control groups. Interpretation of these apparently positive results is problematic because remission and relapse rates of substance use disorders have not been reported in this population. The present study reports 1-year rates of substance abuse and dependence remission and relapse in a sample of schizophrenics taken from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. Results indicated that the prevalence of substance use disorders in schizophrenia remained constant over the year primarily because rates of remission were balanced by rates of relapse. Individuals who developed abuse or dependence over the year were younger, male, and showed increases in depression and risk for hospitalization over the year. Individuals who remitted abuse or dependence were older, female, and showed decreases in depression over the year. Dual diagnosis treatment programs have recently reported higher rates of remission than were evidenced in this sample, thus providing preliminary support for the effectiveness of these treatments.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Substance Abuse and Bipolar Affective Disorder |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 349-352
SUSAN SONNE,
KATHLEEN BRADY,
W ALEXANDER MORTON,
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摘要:
This interview study was conducted to explore the onset, course, and features of bipolar affective disorder complicated by substance abuse. Forty-four patients with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIII- R, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Young Mania Rating Scale, and a questionnaire concerning psychiatric history. Current substance users averaged twice as many hospitalizations for mood problems. The age of onset of mood problems for substance users was significantly earlier than that of the nonusers (p<.05). Substance users were four times as likely to have other comorbid axis I disorders (p<.05) and twice as likely to have dysphoric mania at time of interview. This preliminary study suggests that individuals with bipolar affective disorder complicated by substance abuse may have more hospitalizations, a higher incidence of dysphoric mania, earlier onset of mood problems, and more comorbid axis I disorders
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
The Acute Effects of a Rapid Medical Detoxification upon Dysphoria and Other Psychopathology Experienced by Heroin Abusers |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 353-359
ROBERT NESS,
LEONARD HANDELSMAN,
MARVIN ARONSON,
AARON HERSHKOWITZ,
PHILIP KANOF,
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摘要:
Self-reported dysphoria, personality disorder traits, and subjective opioid withdrawal symptoms were assessed in 30 opioid abusers before and after a rapid medical detoxification from heroin. Subject exclusion criteria reflected an effort to control for potential sources of affective change that were extraneous to the effect of detoxification. Subjects received few rehabilitative services during their 12-day inpatient hospitalization, and were not permitted visitors or off-ward privileges. At the preadmission assessment, they reported elevated levels of dysphoria and personality disorder traits, as well as opioid withdrawal symptoms. The results indicate that clinically significant declines in symptoms of dysphoria, opioid withdrawal symptoms, and personality disorder traits occur during the course of a rapid medical detoxification. Dysphoric and opioid withdrawal symptom abatement was most pronounced between the preadmission and admission assessments. These factors should be considered in the clinical diagnosis and treatment, as well as in research about psychiatric comorbidity of these substance abusers
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
The Effect of Psychopathology on the Ability of Schizophrenic Patients to Give Informed Consent |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 360-362
Debbie Schachter,
Irwin Kleinman,
Peter Prendergast,
Gary Remington,
Stephen Schertzer,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
Before and After Hinckley: Evaluating Insanity Defense Reform |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 182,
Issue 6,
1994,
Page 362-363
Jeffrey Metzner,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1994
数据来源: OVID
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