摘要:

Total body potassium decreased after 2 weeks of lithium adminstration in 12 of 13 depressed patients but increased in 6 of 7 manic patients treated with lithium under identical conditions. These opposite changes were statistically significant for each group of patients. In a smaller group of depressed patients followed for longer periods during lithium treatment, the potassium levels returned to prelithium values. The dependence of the direction of potassium change on the clinical state of the patient may be related to some previously described differences between manic and depressed patients and also to differences in the therapeutic response to lithium between the two groups.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Integrated measures of electroencephalogram (EEG) amplitude and its variability over time, and of mean alpha frequency, have been applied to study the responses of six schizophrenic and six nonpsychotic volunteers to 45-minute periods of perceptual deprivation (PD), as compared to a prior condition of resting, eyes-closed but perceptually structured state. Interpreting results in relation to the concept that the integrated EEG measures reflect cortical activation states, field dependency and diagnostic grouping are found to interact to a statistically significant degree in their effect on the integrated EEG measures. Alpha frequency changes do not relate to diagnosis but only to field dependency status, suggesting that field-dependent subjects become more generally aroused under PD as compared to pre-PD, while field-independent subjects tend to become less aroused. The alpha frequency changes do not correlate with changes in the integrated EEG measures. The various EEG changes are discussed in relation to possible systems of general arousal and of selective cortical inhibition, and to clinical observations of schizophrenics' “paradoxical” response to perceptual or sensory isolation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Findings are reported from a study of 20 patients receiving unilateral electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) on the right or the left side of the head. This study closely followed the design of an earlier investigation with the exception that evoked potential and direct current (DC) recordings, and neuropsychological testing were conducted a few hours after seizures instead of on the following day.Ictal and interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) findings confirmed observations made in the previous study. Again recording of evoked potentials in homologous areas on the right and left side of the head revealed no important differences between shocked and nonshocked hemispheres. The neuropsychological battery also failed to discriminate whether patients had received stimulation on the left or right side of the head.Clinically, as in the former series, outcome was similar for patients treated on the right or the left side of the head with minimal memory loss or confusion in either group. There was significantly more impairment of performance on one subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale, a word association test, in patients treated on the dominant side of the head. This occurred after the fifth ECT and on termination of ECT but did not persist on follow-up retesting.Recording of slow potential activity was introduced in this study. There were highly significant differences in DC responses after five ECT's which mostly returned to pretreatment levels by the time of follow-up recordings.These findings were discussed in relation to the literature with suggestions for future scientific investigation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To further explore the influence of personality factors on response to phenothiazine treatment, we examined the relationship between the hospitalization proneness scale (HPS) and the effectiveness of phenothiazine treatment in delaying hospitalization for those patients hospitalized during the course of their clinic treatment. The 129 hospitalized patients were part of a larger cohort of 446 chronic schizophrenic outpatients randomly assigned to placebo, promazine, and chlorpromazine and treated under double blind conditions. The patients in this sample were hospitalized after from 1 to 114 months of continuous outpatient treatment. The patients were divided into hospitalization prone and nonprone groups on the basis of the HPS. The HPS consists of measures of the patients effectiveness in social interactions, cognitive performance, and social attainment assessed at intake. The findings indicate that the number of months the patient was able to remain in outpatient treatment prior to hospitalization is the result of an interaction between the specific drug received and level of HPS score (p< .01). A multiple range test indicated that among prone patients, those treated with either chlorpromazine or promazine remained in treatment for a significantly longer period of time than comparable placebo-treated patients (p< .05). On the other hand, nonprone patients treated with chlorpromazine were hospitalized after a significantly shorter period of time than nonprone patients treated with either placebo or promazine (p< .05). In addition, chlorpromazine-treated nonprone patients were hospitalized significantly earlier than chlorpromazine-treated prone patients (p < .01). The results were discussed in terms of the relationship between the personality attributes measured and the sedative characteristics of the drugs employed. The implications of the findings to drug treatment and future research were also discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Since Friedhoff first reported finding only in the urine of schizophrenics a “pink spot” material which he identified as 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine (DMPE), more than 50 papers have appeared—some confirming, and many challenging the association of “pink spot” with schizophrenia, or its identification as DMPE. In only a few papers were the sophisticated techniques necessary for the unambiguous identification of minute quantities of organic materials employed; and in these, failure to run normal urine controls has left the work inconclusive. By a combination of urine extraction, ion-exchange chromatography, preparation of fluorescent derivatives, and a series of thin-layer chromatographic separations, a substance has been isolated from both normal and schizophrenic urines which has been unequivocally identified by mass spectrometry as a fluorescent derivative of DMPE. The identification of equivalent quantities of DMPE in the urine of five normal donors as well as in the urine of six schizophrenics fails to support a role for this substance in the etiology of schizophrenia. DMPE was found in all urine, but at a level below which it could be visualized as a “pink spot.” It is only the fortuitous appearance of metabolites of the tranquilizing drug, chlorpromazine, with chromatographic properties and color reactions similar to those of DMPE, that has led to “pink spot” in the assay of schizophrenic urine. Because this “pink spot” region contains many components, one of which is DMPE, a confusing picture has been presented, and many authors have erroneously equated schizophrenia and “pink spot” and DMPE.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This is the first reported case of an ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-producing tumor which manifested itself initially to a psychiatric hospital as a suicide attempt. The patient, a 54-year-old female, had a history of some typical depressive symptoms along with several atypical complaints, but had no classical features of Cushing's disease. She suddenly attempted suicide and was referred to a psychiatric hospital where the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome was made. Her adrenals were removed and she improved, but later died of metastatic carcinoma of the lung. She is presented as an example of a depressive illness resulting from an endocrinopathy, with emphasis on the diagnostic and therapeutic problems of this class of depression. Suggestions are made for the workup of depressive disorders thought to be due to endocrine disease.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of catatonic schizophrenia with bladder atonia is described, who was admitted with 1800 cc of urine in bladder, sustained a brisk postobstructive diuresis, and whose urological and psychological symptoms cleared simultaneously with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID