ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The idea of reincarnation is presented as having considerable explanatory value for several features of human personality and biology that currently accepted theories do not adequately clarify. Reincarnation is not offered as a substitute for present knowledge derived from genetics and understanding of environmental influences; it may, however, usefully supplement such knowledge.The present paper does not present evidence from cases suggestive of reincarnation. It does, however, cite cases of subjects who have claimed to remember previous lives, most of whose statements have been verified in the course of detailed investigations. For each case, a reference is provided to a detailed published case report furnishing the evidence in that case.The idea of reincarnation may contribute to an improved understanding of such diverse matters as: phobias and philias of childhood; skills not learned in early life; abnormalities of child-parent relationships; vendettas and bellicose nationalism; childhood sexuality and gender identity confusion; birthmarks, congenital deformities, and internal diseases; differences between members of monozygotic twin pairs; and abnormal appetites during pregnancy.Empirical studies of cases of the reincarnation type have so far not provided any evidence that justifies using reincarnation as an explanation for the occurrence of child prodigies or the large inequities in socioeconomic conditions of humans at birth.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Endogeneity and reactivity have long been considered polar opposites of a major dimension of depression. The present factor analytic study examines 35 distinct depressive symptoms in three depressed samples and supports the conceptualization of D. F. Klein (Endomorphic depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 31: 447–454, 1974) that endogeneity and reactivity can be construed as orthogonal, independent dimensions. Symptoms consistently loading on an endogeneity factor are: 1) lacking in reactivity to environmental changes; 2) showing no interest in life; 3) retarded (slow, feeling tired, etc.); 4) feeling unable to act; 5) considering self lazy; 6) feeling helpless and powerless; and 7) perceiving depression as qualitatively different from ordinary sadness. Symptoms consistently loading on a reactivity factor are: 1) feeling that he or she is bearing troubles; 2) presence of precipitating stress; 3) crediting problems to excessive family and/or job responsibilities; 4) expressing concern for welfare of family and friends; 5) visceral symptoms; 6) feeling at “end of rope”; 7) having middle-of-the-night insomnia; and 8) showing self-pity. The results suggest a methodology for identifying depressives who are high-high, low-high, high-low, and low-low on the endogeneity and reactivity factors.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relation between premorbid social competence and paranoid-nonparanoid status was examined in a sample of 300 female schizophrenic patients. The subjects were drawn from the same state hospital employed in an earlier study conducted with male patients. The female paranoid patients were found to have better premorbid adjustment histories than the female nonparanoids. Tentative evidence was presented suggesting that the difference in premorbid social competence between paranoid and nonparanoid groups was greater for first and second admission patients than for patients with three or more admissions. The results were discussed in the context of their relation to previous research in this area. Differences between the female and male studies were noted, and the implications of sex differences in social competence were discussed both in terms of conventional measures of social competence and of the competence construct itself.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although 14 and 6 per second positive spiking in children and adolescents has received extensive investigative attention resulting in conflicting results and opinion, efforts to study this finding in adult populations have been almost totally neglected. The present study attempts to contrast the incidence of this EEG finding in an adult clinical psychiatric sample with similar incidence data derived from a historical normal adult control series. From 10 years of laboratory data, the presence or absence of positive spikes was noted in the waking and sleep EEGs of 2888 psychiatric patients aged 20 and above. These incidence figures were contrasted with similar data derived from the EEGs of 619 normal adults of similar age collected in a previously published control series. A differentially higher incidence of positive spiking in the adult clinical population as contrasted with the adult normal control population occurred with a high level of statistical significance. Methodological and technological aspects of electroencephalographic recording for the current clinical group and the historical control population are felt to be virtually identical and the possible effect of differential recording or interpretive practice confounding the present results does not seem plausible. The present results offer no solution or resolution of the positive spike controversy. They do, however, suggest that additional focus on this EEG signal in adults may possibly have merit.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Students of narcotic addiction have believed that heroin addiction is more debilitating than the “traditional” opium addiction. Access to both opium and heroin addicts in a Laotian treatment facility provided an opportunity to test this hypothesis.All subjects were volunteer narcotic addicts seeking treatment at an inpatient detoxification facility over a 12-month period. The research format consisted of five demographic characteristics, four aspects of past narcotic usage, and three aspects of current narcotic usage. Fifty-one heroin addicts were compared to 438 opium addicts.Many of the demographic differences in the two groups reflected the urban residence of most heroin addicts and the mixed urban-rural residence of opium addicts. Heroin addicts had more frequent daily doses of drug, spent considerably more money for their drug, and required higher initial methadone doses for detoxification. It also appeared that heroin addicts might have “deteriorated” faster and thus sought treatment earlier than opium addicts.Since the heroin and opium addicts in this study differed significantly on most demographic characteristics, it was difficult to know whether these observed differences were due to drug factors or demographic factors. Thus, a study of pairs matched for age, sex, and ethnicity was subsequently undertaken to test the hypotheses generated by this study.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifty-one Asian heroin addicts in Laos were matched for sex, ethnicity, and age with 51 opium addicts. All subjects were voluntary patients at a treatment facility for addicts. The two groups were compared for demographic characteristics, past narcotic history, current narcotic use, and readmission within 1 year following discharge from treatment.Heroin addicts took more doses of drug per day, spent more money per day on narcotic drugs, required higher detoxification doses of methadone, and sought treatment much sooner than did opium addicts. The two groups did not differ for duration of narcotic use prior to becoming addicted, or for rate of readmission following treatment. Demographic differences in occupation and employment reflected the urban distribution of heroin addicts, and the mixed urban-rural residence of opium addicts.These data suggest that heroin is not per se more or less apt to produce addiction (i.e., is not more “addictogenic”) as compared to opium. The type of narcotic drug also does not appear to be an important factor in determining treatment outcome. However, heroin does appear to be more “pathogenic” than opium, since heroin addicts sought treatment much sooner than did opium addicts. This may have been due to economic factors (i.e., heroin addicts took more doses per day, spent more time in phases of intoxication and withdrawal, and spent less time in the middle phase with work and other coping behaviors).Opium addiction is not a “benign” or “social” form of addiction. In comparison to heroin, however, opium does cost less, requires fewer doses per day, and has a less toxic withdrawal (at least in the initial phase). Moreover, opium apparently takes longer to produce life crises that motivate the addict to seek treatment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 25-year-old maintenance hemodialysis patient suffered an episode of mania. Oral lithium carbonate given as a single 600-mg dose following each dialytic treatment sustained serum lithium levels in the 0.6 to 0.8 mEq/l range. Clinical remission occurred quickly and was maintained throughout a 6-month follow-up period. No significant side effects were noted.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 56-year-old white male with a rare case of a psychosomatic triad occurring during a single depressive episode is presented. The dynamics, course, and treatment are discussed. It is suggested that common psychosomatic mechanisms are interacting with the bipolar illness.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID