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1. |
Depathologizing Dependency |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 67-73
BORNSTEIN1 ROBERT,
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摘要:
For nearly a century psychologists, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals have emphasized the maladaptive, problematic aspects of dependent personality traits. In this article, I review theoretical frameworks that have played a key role in pathologizing dependency, and then describe empirical findings which indicate that dependency is not simply a flaw or deficit in functioning but is also associated with a variety of healthy, adaptive traits, and behaviors. The theoretical, empirical, and clinical implications of depathologizing dependency are discussed.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Quality of Life in Schizophrenia: Insight and Subjective Response to Neuroleptics |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 74-78
BROWNE1 STEPHEN,
GARAVAN1 JEANNE,
GERVIN1 MAURICE,
ROE1 MARK,
LARKIN2 CONAL,
O'CALLAGHAN1 EADBHARD,
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摘要:
The relationship between quality of life, insight, and subjective response to neuroleptics was assessed in a selected group of clinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia. A significant portion of the variance in these individuals' quality of life was explained by a combination of protracted illness duration and the presence of a dysphoric response to neuroleptics. However, there was no significant relationship between quality of life and the level of insight these individuals had into the nature of their illness. The development of treatment strategies to alleviate neuroleptic-induced dysphoria may enable outpatients with schizophrenia to benefit from rehabilitation programs devised to improve quality of life.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
The Clinical Stigmata of Aberrant Neurodevelopment in Schizophrenia |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 79-86
BUCKLEY1 PETER,
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摘要:
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia is currently a primary etiopathological model for schizophrenia. Its tenets derive from observations of epidemiological, postmortem, and brain imaging evidence of neurodevelopmental deviance. Clinical stigmata of neurodevelopmental arrest include the presence of obstetric complications, minor physical anomalies, abnormal dermatoglyphics, and childhood neuromotor precursors of adult schizophrenic illness. The relative importance of these stigmata and their relationship to brain imaging findings in schizophrenia are discussed.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
Personality Disorders in Substance Abusers: Relation to Substance Use |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 87-95
ROUNSAVILLE1 BRUCE,
KRANZLER2 HENRY,
BALL1 SAMUEL,
TENNEN2 HOWARD,
POLING1 JAMES,
TRIFFLEMAN1 ELISA,
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摘要:
Previous studies have documented high but variable rates of DSM personality disorders (axis II) in clinical samples of substance abusers. Distinguishing between personality disorder symptoms that are independent versus substance-related (SR) is a particular challenge for diagnosing comorbid axis II disorders in substance abusers. DSM-IV guidelines currently recommend excluding axis II symptoms that are accounted for by an axis I disorder, including a substance use disorder. In this study, axis II diagnoses were made on a heterogenous clinical sample of 370 patients entering treatment for substance use disorders. Axis II diagnoses were made according to DSM-III-R criteria using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-II), which was modified to determine, on an item-by-item basis, whether symptoms were attributed to subjects' substance use disorders or independent of these disorders. The majority (57.0%) of substance use disorder patients met criteria for at least one comorbid axis II disorder, with cluster B (45.7%) being particularly prominent, especially antisocial personality disorder (ASP)(27.0%) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) (18.4%). Notably, inclusion of SR symptoms led to a substantial number of newly diagnosed cases, especially for ASP (19.2%) and BPD (11.4%). Including SR symptoms improved the reliability of ASP and did not change the reliability of BPD diagnoses. Generally, patients with SR and independent personality disorders had a similar clinical profile.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
Determinants of the Treatment Climate in Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Programs: Implications for Improving Patient Outcomes |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 96-103
TIMKO1 CHRISTINE,
MOOS1 RUDOLF,
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摘要:
This study examined determinants of the treatment climate in 89 psychiatric and substance abuse programs. Clearer policies giving patients more control, and more health and treatment services, were related to more supportive, autonomous, expressive, and practically oriented milieus. In contrast, more policy choice and daily living assistance were associated with less support, personal expression, and practical orientation. Programs in which staff had more paraprofessionals and better team functioning, and in which patients had more social resources and better mental functioning, tended to be more supportive and to have more emphasis on autonomy, personal expression, and practical orientation. Based on these results, we suggest some guidelines on how to change the treatment milieu to benefit patients' adjustment.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
A 50-Year Longitudinal Study of Defense Use among Inner City Men: A Validation of the DSM-IV Defense Axis |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 104-111
SOLDZ1 STEPHEN,
VAILLANT1 GEORGE,
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摘要:
The patterns of use of defense mechanisms by 306 inner-city men were rated from interviews at age 47 and these ratings were analyzed by cluster analysis. Five clusters resulted. The correlates of cluster membership were examined using data from the 50-year longitudinal study of these men. One cluster exhibited the greatest use of mature defenses; the men in this cluster functioned best on all psychosocial and health variables. Two clusters of men used primarily neurotic defenses; these men functioned at an intermediate level on all outcomes. The men in two clusters primarily used immature defenses. The men in one of these clusters used primarily action defenses, whereas the men in the other cluster were the greatest users of projection and fantasy. In general, the men in both these clusters functioned worse than those in the other three. However, the users of action defenses exhibited greater sociopathy, alcohol problems, and marital instability. The findings provide general support for the DSM-IV hierarchy for nonpsychotic defenses, with mature defenses at the top, neurotic defenses in the middle, and action defenses toward the bottom. In particular, the study supports the DSM-IV distinction of action defenses from other immature defenses.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Gender Differences in Psychological Distress among Southeast Asian Refugees |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 112-119
CHUNG1 RITA,
BEMAK1 FRED,
KAGAWA-SINGER2 MARJORIE,
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摘要:
The focus of this study was to examine gender differences in levels and predictors of psychological distress in a community sample of Southeast Asian refugees. Although previous studies with clinical samples of Southeast Asian refugees have found gender differences in the degree of psychological distress, the few community-based studies have been inconclusive. This community study found that there were gender differences in the predictors of distress and that refugee women reported significantly higher levels of psychological distress than their male counterparts. Implications of the findings are discussed.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies Predict Anger among Police Officers and Buffer the Effects of Job Stress |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 120-125
MEARNS JACK,
MAUCH THOMAS,
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摘要:
This study investigated links between occupational stress, negative mood regulation expectancies, coping, anger, and distress. Participants were 56 police officers from two small, urban departments. They filled out the Negative Mood Regulation (NMR) Scale, as well as measures of police stress, coping, anger, and distress. Simultaneous multiple regression analyses revealed that high NMR expectancies predicted subjects' use of adaptive active coping strategies. High NMR Scale scores were also independently associated with lower levels of anger and distress, and anger significantly predicted distress. Results suggest that strong mood regulation expectancies buffer the effects of even high levels of occupational stress. Interventions directed toward raising mood regulation expectancies may help protect officers from the consequences of job stress. Results may also have implications for combat stress.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
A History of Clinical Psychiatry: The Origin and History of Psychiatric Disorders. |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 126-126
Simon Bennett,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
Lives of Promise: What Becomes of High School Valedictorians. |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 186,
Issue 2,
1998,
Page 128-128
Vaillant George,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1998
数据来源: OVID
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