|
1. |
Work and Nonvocational Domains of Functioning in Persons with Severe Mental Illness: A Longitudinal Analysis |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 419-426
MUESER1 KIM,
BECKER1 DEBORAH,
TORREY1 WILLIAM,
XIE1 HAIYI,
BOND2 GARY,
DRAKE1 ROBERT,
DAIN1 BRADLEY,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
In this study we sought to understand the relationship between obtaining competitive employment and changes in nonvocational domains of functioning (symptoms, substance abuse, hospitalizations, self-esteem, quality of life) in persons with severe mental illness. A group of 143 unemployed patients participating in a study of vocational rehabilitation programs were assessed in nonvocational areas of functioning at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months later. Statistical analyses examined the relationship between work status at the follow-up assessments and nonvocational functioning, controlling for baseline levels of nonvocational variables. Patients who were working at follow-up tended to have lower symptoms (particularly thought disorder and affect on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), higher Global Assessment Scores, better self-esteem, and more satisfaction with their finances and vocational services than unemployed patients. Employment is associated with better functioning in a range of different nonvocational domains, even after controlling for baseline levels of functioning.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
2. |
Performance Characteristics of Chronic Schizophrenia on Attention Tests Sensitive to Unilateral Brain Damage |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 427-433
MIZUNO1 MASAFUMI,
KATO2 MOTOICHIRO,
SARTORI3 GIUSEPPE,
OKAWARA1 HIROSHI,
KASHIMA1 HARUO,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
The aims of this study were to investigate the lateralization hypothesis of schizophrenia, comparing chronic schizophrenics with unilateral brain-damaged subjects and normal controls, using attentional tests sensitive to the unilateral brain damage. Three attentional tests with different modes of stimuli, two vigilance tasks that require the self-paced or nonself-paced responses of subjects and one divided attention task, were administered to 28 chronic schizophrenics, 26 right and 24 left unilateral brain-damaged subjects, and 20 normal controls. The results indicated that schizophrenics performed a possible right-hemisphere damages pattern and also a left pattern in part, with failure of all tasks to show either pattern related to a number of differences between the three tasks. Furthermore, the attention deficits of schizophrenics are less than those of brain-damaged subjects but are clearly abnormal compared with the normal controls.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
3. |
The Phenomenology of Traumatic Reactions to Psychotic Illness |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 434-441
SHAW1 KATHARINE,
MCFARLANE2 ALEXANDER,
BOOKLESS2 CLARA,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
This study investigated whether a psychotic illness was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in 45 subjects recovering from hospitalization for a psychotic episode. Previous studies have suggested that the experience of psychosis and hospitalization is distressing and that PTSD may be a useful paradigm for the psychological response. Subjects were given questionnaires to evaluate PTSD symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and distress and intrusive memories associated with aspects of treatment and psychosis. Treatment, especially experiences involving a loss of control such as detention, and psychotic symptoms, particularly persecutory delusions, passivity phenomena, and visual hallucinations, were perceived as highly distressing. Twenty-two subjects (52%) met the criteria for a postpsychotic PTSD, with implications for recognition and management of secondary morbidity related to psychosis.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
4. |
Discriminating Borderline from Antisocial Personality Disorder in Male Patients based on Psychopathology Patterns and Type of Hostility |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 442-446
HATZITASKOS1 PAVLOS,
SOLDATOS2 CONSTANTIN,
SAKKAS2 PAVLOS,
STEFANIS2 COSTAS,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
Dimensions of psychopathology and patterns of hostility, as well as the relationship of hostility to psychopathology, were studied in 85 male young adults: 41 with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and 44 with antisocial personality disorder (APD). Diagnoses were based on DSM-III. The following instruments were also used: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire. BPD patients compared with APD patients showed higher levels of overall psychopathology and depression, whereas both groups had equally high anxiety. Total hostility was quite high in both groups. However, BPD patients had more introverted hostility and APD patients had more extroverted hostility. In BPD patients, introverted hostility was related to overall psychopathology, depression, and trait anxiety, whereas in APD patients, no significant relationship of any type of hostility to various dimensions of psychopathology was observed. In conclusion, when comprehensively assessed, BPD patients can be discriminated from APD patients based on certain dimensions of psychopathology and differences in the direction of their hostility. Moreover, the relationship between psychopathology and hostility patterns suggests that the direction of patients' hostility plays an important role in the development of disorder-specific symptomatology.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
5. |
Psychological Distress and Bereavement |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 447-453
MIDDLETON1 WARWICK,
RAPHAEL1 BEVERLEY,
BURNETT2 PAUL,
MARTINEK1 NADA,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
Some 115 bereaved subjects (43 spouses, 39 adult children, and 33 parents) were followed-up prospectively over 12 months following the acute bereavement period. They completed the Zung Depression Scale, Spielberger's State and Trait Anxiety Measure, the GHQ-28, and Eysenck's Personality Inventory at four time points. With the exception of EPI-Extroversion, there was a significant decrease in all scores over the period encompassing the study. There were no differences between the three groups on any of the psychological variables measured. Scores on the Zung Depression Scale, state and trait anxiety, and neuroticism correlated significantly with a measure of core bereavement phenomenology, the Core Bereavement Items, at each time point for each group.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
6. |
Absorption, Social Desirability, and Symptoms in a Behavioral Medicine Population |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 454-458
GICK1 MARY,
MCLEOD2 CAROLINE,
HULIHAN3 DEBORAH,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
The relationships among absorption, social desirability, and psychological and somatic symptoms were examined in a clinical population of patients at a behavioral medicine clinic. Absorption, as measured by the Tellegen Absorption Scale, was significantly and positively related to the somatization and global distress indices of the Brief Symptom Inventory. However, absorption was negatively related to social desirability, as measured by the Marlowe-Crowne Scale. Global distress, but not somatization, also was negatively related to social desirability. After controlling for social desirability, global distress was marginally related to absorption. In addition, absorption interacted with a measure of how much patients were bothered by their primary symptom. Patients who had high absorption reported more somatic and global distress if they also reported being very bothered by their primary symptom than if they were less bothered by it. The results are discussed with respect to related research on absorption, social desirability, and symptoms.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
7. |
Underreporting of Cocaine Use at Posttreatment Follow-up and the Measurement of Treatment Effectiveness |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 459-462
LUNDY1 ALLAN,
GOTTHEIL1 EDWARD,
MCLELLAN2 A.,
WEINSTEIN1 STEPHEN,
STERLING1 ROBERT,
SEROTA1 RONALD,
Preview
|
|
摘要:
Substance abusers, especially cocaine abusers, may underreport their substance use in outcome interviews. Follow-up interviews were conducted and urine specimens were obtained on 633 persons 9 months after admission to a 3-month cocaine treatment program. Although 422 (67%) reported no use of cocaine in the past 30 days, 134 of these (32%) had cocaine-positive urines. This group did not differ on most characteristics at intake or follow-up from the 288 with cocaine-negative urines. The amount of treatment received did affect willingness to admit drug use. Of 132 treatment completers who reported no cocaine use at follow-up, 21 (16%) had positive urines. Of 91 early dropouts who also reported no cocaine use, 36 (40%) had positive urines. This differential rate of underreporting had the effect of seriously underrepresenting the effectiveness of treatment completion as compared with little or no treatment.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
8. |
Neuroleptic Dysphoria May be the Missing Link between Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 463-465
Voruganti1 Lakshmi,
Heslegrave2 Ronald,
Awad2 Awad,
Preview
|
|
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
9. |
Paroxetine for Secondary Stuttering: Further Interaction of Serotonin and Dopamine |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 465-467
Schreiber1,2 Shaul,
Pick3 Chaim,
Preview
|
|
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
10. |
Homicide: A Psychiatric Perspective. |
|
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 185,
Issue 7,
1997,
Page 471-471
Volavka Jan,
Preview
|
|
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1997
数据来源: OVID
|
|