摘要:

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been at the center of a debate over its potential benefits as an adjunct to psychotherapy versus its capability for neurotoxic effects and is currently classified as a Schedule 1 drug by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). However, as yet, there is very little methodological data on the subjective experience of the MDMA-induced state or its psychological and behavioral sequelae. The present study was, therefore, designed to obtain this kind of information. Twenty psychiatrists who had taken MDMA previously were evaluated using a semistructured interview. Subjective experience of the actual MDMA-induced state, as well as both short-term (<1 week) and relatively longer term (>1 week) sequelae, were examined retrospectively. Side effects, insight gained, pleasure, and intensity of the MDMA experience were evaluated as were the influence of set and setting at the time the MDMA was taken and the dosage utilized. Finally, the authors discuss methodological problems and limitations of a study of this type.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was administered to a random sample of 502 adults in the general population of Winnipeg, a midwestern Canadian city. Results showed that paranormal/extrasensory experiences were common in the general population. They were linked to a history of childhood trauma and to other dissociative symptom clusters. A factor analysis of the paranormal experiences identified three factors which together accounted for 44.0% of the combined variance of the scores. A model is proposed in which paranormal experiences are conceptualized as an aspect of normal dissociation. Like dissociation in general, paranormal experiences can be triggered by trauma, especially childhood physical or sexual abuse. Such experiences discriminate individuals with childhood trauma histories from those without at high levels of significance.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In order to examine the validity of the distinction between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) we compared 41 subjects with GAD and 71 subjects with PD. The GAD subjects had never had panic attacks. In contrast to the symptom profile in PD subjects suggestive of autonomic hyperactivity, GAD subjects had a symptom pattern indicative of central nervous system hyperarousal. Also, subjects with GAD had an earlier, more gradual onset of illness. In terms of coexisting syndromes, GAD subjects more often had simple phobias, whereas PD subjects more commonly reported depersonalization and agoraphobia. GAD subjects more frequently had first-degree relatives with GAD, whereas PD subjects more frequently had relatives with PD. A variety of measures indicated that our GAD subjects had a milder illness than those with PD. Also, fewer GAD subjects gave histories of major depression than did PD subjects. Among GAD subjects, coexisting major depression was associated with simple phobia and thyroid disorders and among PD subjects, comorbid depression was associated with social phobia and hypertension. Our findings indicate that the separation of GAD from PD is a valid one. They also indicate that, within disorders, unique patterns of comorbidity may exist that are important both clinically and theoretically.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A comparison was made of the diagnosis of social phobia by Japanese psychiatrists in Tokyo and American psychiatrists in Hawaii. A brief segment of videotaped interviews and written case histories of four Japanese patients from Tokyo and two Japanese-American patients from Hawaii, who were clinically diagnosed with social phobia, were presented to the clinicians for their diagnosis. Japanese psychiatrists tended to diagnose social phobia congruently for the Japanese cases but not for the Japanese-American cases. American psychiatrists tended to diagnose various categories including anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder, in addition to social phobia, disregarding the ethnic background of the patients. This illustrates that the diagnostic pattern for social phobia varied considerably between psychiatrists of these two countries. The reasons considered are the patient's cardinal symptom manifestation, style of problems presentation, as well as the clinician's professional orientation and familiarity to this particular disorder.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One hundred nine Korean American community subjects were interviewed regarding their experiences with hwa-byung (HB), a Korean folk illness label commonly used by Koreans with a myriad of physiological and psychological complaints. During these interviews, standard instruments were also used to assess their depressive and somatic symptoms. The results indicated that a relatively high proportion (12%) of the subjects labeled themselves as having suffered from HB. While no apparent sociodemographic differences were found between HB and non-HB subjects, significantly more HB subjects fulfilled the diagnosis of DSM-III major depression and also had previous diagnoses of depression. The HB subjects also had significantly higher scores for the total, depressive, and somatic subscales and 16 of the 20 individual items of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. These data confirm previous observations of substantial overlap between HB and DSM-III major depression among Koreans and Korean Americans, and suggest that HB may be a culturally patterned way of expression for Koreans experiencing major depression and related conditions. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are also discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The sexual abuse histories of 171 women admitted to a psychiatric inpatient service revealed that 40.3% had a positive history of sexual abuse. The DSM-III diagnoses made on discharge were not related to presence of abuse, age of abuse onset, duration and frequency of abuse, or relationship of the victim to the perpetrator. However, the diagnosis of personality disorder was associated with greater invasiveness of sexual abuse. Cluster analysis of the MMPIs provided by these women revealed four clusters. Membership in the more disturbed cluster was associated with a history of sexual abuse, but not with invasiveness, age of onset, relationship to the perpetrator, or duration and frequency of abuse. The implications of these findings for the role of mitigating factors, such as coping style and adaptation to stress, are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID