ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-two patients with a research diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia were studied using structured clinical scales for premorbid adjustment, clinical symptomatology, and social deterioration. By computed axial tomography (CAT), ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) and cortical atrophy were assessed. The relation between the clinical variables and CAT findings was assessed using linear correlation. CAT-based subgroups were compared using univariate analysis of variance. Previous findings of ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy in some schizophrenics were replicated. Premorbid asociality and social deterioration were found to have a modest, positive relation with CAT findings but formal thought disorder had a negative relation to ventricle size. There was no relation between the negative symptoms and CAT measures. Within the CAT-positive group the presence of cortical atrophy appeared to be associated with a more severe illness compared with those with ventricular enlargment but the sample sizes were too small to obtain any significant differences.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-seven chronic schizophrenic patients and nine other psychiatric patients closely matched in education were compared on the Halstead-Reitan Battery and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). The schizophrenic patients as a group showed significantly poorer performance on the WAIS (full scale: &OV0398; ± SD, 92.9 ± 2.9 vs. 110.8 ± 2.1, p < .002) and the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB; Average Impairment Range = 2.1 ± .2 vs. 1.12 ± .06, p < .003). In addition the schizophrenic patients did significantly worse than did non schizophrenic patients on all WAIS subtests and scored in the impaired range on most HRB subtests. Computed axial tomography scans revealed large ventricles on nine schizophrenic patients and cortical atrophy on three others. Among schizophrenics, the enlarged ventricle group consistently scored the worst. No relationship was seen between neuropsychological test performance and degree of ongoing psychopathology as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. These findings are consistent with previous reports of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and are discussed in terms of regional localization. They provide additional evidence that the impairment is related to the disease process and that structural abnormalities are associated with the more severe condition.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The occurrence and clinical significance of thought disorder, as measured by general abstraction ability and idiosyncratic abstractions, remains a complex and ambiguous area of inquiry. We studied 49 subjects in a longitudinal design in which the effects of general psychopathology and depression on abstraction function were assessed. Results indicate that a) depressive patients have a generalized abstraction dysfunction not limited to specific content areas, b) some depressive patients have a residual abstraction deficit on discharge from the hospital, c) idiosyncratic abstractions are a characteristic but not pathognomonic marker for schizophrenia, and d) across all subjects, abstraction difficulties represent a seemingly state-dependent “final common pathway” that significantly correlates with general psychopathological impairment rather than level of depression.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The influence of social and geographic variables on the level of community adjustment of 60 former state hospital patients was examined. Community adjustment was operationalized to include measures of instrumental performance, social participation, and satisfaction with community circumstances. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of social-and community-level predictors.The results of the study suggest that the character of a psychiatric patient's social milieu can influence the success he or she experiences in attempting to adjust to life in the community. Specifically, each of the measures of adjustment was closely related to significant other attitudes, i.e., expectations and tolerance of deviance. The nature of the community in which the patient resides seems to have less of an impact on community adjustment than social-level factors. Overall, the results suggest the importance of a social-environmental strategy as a means of achieving positive changes in patients' adjustment to community living.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Five New York City partial hospitalization programs serving chronic patients in acute phases of distress were examined. Patient and staff perceptions of their programs were compared and related to their evaluations of the programs. Although both patients and staff reported positive assessments of the help provided by the programs, they had different views regarding which elements or aspects of the programs were most helpful. Patients experienced a greater sense of being helped when the emotional climate of the program was highly evaluated, when the staff had been clear about the program goals and expectations, and when personal problems were not scrutinized. Staff felt that the most important program ingredients were the actual treatment elements dealing with personal and practical problems. The influence of the differing frames of reference of patients and staff are discussed regarding the orientation of community treatment programs for chronic psychiatric patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Presumptive risk factors for recurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and clinical evidence for its pathogenesis are discussed. All earlier reports describing patients who have had NMS and who were either safely restarted on neuroleptic or who developed recurrence are reviewed. The authors also present their own experiences with both outcomes. Possible risk factors for recurrent NMS are administration of high-potency neuroleptics and reintroduction of neuroleptics before the initial episode of NMS has completely resolved. Bipolar disorder and concomitant use of lithium may predispose to NMS and therefore could also heighten the risk of recurrence.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evidence of organic psychological deficits in Vietnam veterans exposed to the herbicide Agent Orange was established through a neuropsychological battery. Also, the exposed Vietnam veterans, in contrast to a matched control group of Vietnam veterans, showed a significantly higher rate of posttraumatic stress disorder and its associated features: depression, anxiety, and increased aggression. The latter was subdivided into uncontrollable pressures, verbal violence, violence against objects, assaults, and suicidal thoughts. Active cases of chloracne, a medical indicator, were used to determine Agent Orange exposure.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Bulimia was diagnosed in a pair of monozygotic twins and was manifested in both sisters concurrently through their adolescent years. After a later separation only one continued to manifest the disorder with additional associated features of the bulimic syndrome. The case is presented and suggestions regarding the roles of environmental and genetic factors in the development and course of the disorder are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The case of a patient who developed the neuroleptic malignant syndrome following an overdose of amoxapine is presented. It is suggested that amoxapine, an antidepressant structurally related to the neuroleptic loxapine, be added to the list of medications that can cause this potentially lethal syndrome. This case illustrates the need for careful evaluation and attention to differential diagnosis when psychiatric patients develop physical signs and symptoms.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID