摘要:

At the clinical-research interface, controls are a significant issue in group therapy evaluation. The authors describe and analyze their unique experience with placebo effect control groups conducted prior to brief, group psychotherapy for married couples. Procedures are outlined and participant reactions noted. Solicited ratings and spontaneous comments provide assessment data. The evidence suggests the feasibility of placebo effect control groups in the context studied. Proposed methodological refinements and clinical implications may be useful for future research efforts.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to determine if differences exist in the number of stressful life events experienced by individuals precipitating a first admissionvs.readmission to an inpatient psychiatric facility based on diagnostic classification and sex. The subjects consisted of adult patients diagnosed as schizophrenic, depressive neurotic, or chemically addicted, who had not been hospitalized for psychiatric problems for at least 12 months prior to the current hospitalization. The Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale was used to quantify the life stresses experienced. A 3 x 2 x 2 analysis of variance showed no significant differences between groups.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To enable the study of attitudes as one basis for the maintenance of chronic illness, a scale of patient attitudes toward chronic respiratory illness and hospitalization was developed. Key cluster analysis was performed on a large set of statements which had been rated by patients hospitalized for chronic asthma in a residential treatment setting. The analyses identified six attitudinal clusters: Optimism, Negative Staff Regard, Specific Internal Awareness, External Control, Psychological Stigma, and Authoritarian Attitudes toward Illness and Hospitalization. The clusters showed good internal consistency, reliability, and generality. The low to moderate inter-relationships among clusters suggest the existence of identifiable patterns of attitudes which may be related to differences in coping styles to chronic illness.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the relationship between emotions and the frequency and power characteristics of the voice in psychotherapy. The intensity of fear, anger, depression, and total affect in each of four interviews with one patient was rated every 20 seconds on a nine-point scale. Significant agreement among judges was achieved. Voice samples from each epoch in which there was sufficient speech were subjected to spectral analysis of the frequencies between 0 and 1000 Hz. These spectra were scored for nine frequency and power parameters. Multiple linear regression equations were then developed from two interviews, using the nine voice spectral variables as predictors and the mean ratings for each affect as the criterion variables. Significant multiple correlations were achieved between every rated affect and various combinations of voice variables. The β weights and constants from these equations were then employed in the successful prediction of levels of anger, fear, depression, and total affect in one interview, and the levels of depression and total affect in another interview. In addition, epochs of conflict differed from “pure‘’ affect epochs, and pure epochs of anger, fear, and depression differed from each other in various frequency and power characteristics of the voice. Voice spectral measures may be an objective means of identifying and quantifying affect in psychotherapy

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A random sample of 470 Army enlisted men who served tours of duty in Vietnam and returned to the United States in September, 1971 was selected from military records. Between May and September, 1972, these servicemen were located and personally interviewed. Additional information was obtained from their military records and from Veterans Administration files. Interviews were obtained for 95 per cent and military records for 99 per cent. Veterans Administration records were available for 22 per cent of the sample.Depressive disorders appeared to be a significant problem in these enlistees after their return. Twenty-six per cent of the total sample reported at least some symptoms of depression, and 7 per cent reported a full affective syndrome. A third of those with depressive syndromes have had psychiatric care since their return. The association of depression with combat, use of illicit drugs, and other pre- and post-Vietnam variables is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-one patients suffering from major depressive disorder are compared for evidence of thought disorder on admission and at the time of discharge. Two aspects of cognition are evaluated: the ability to abstract, and the quality of association. These aspects of cognition were tested using the Shipley-Hartford, the Raven Progressive Matrices, and the Goldstein-Scheerer Object Sorting Test. Although the patients showed some improvement in ability to abstract, and although their associations became somewhat less underinclusive or impoverished, these improvements did not achieve statistical significance. Consequently, this group of depressed patients did not appear to show any thought disorder of the type under investigation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chapman and Chapman (Disordered Thought in Schizophrenia, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1973) have suggested that findings of abstract thinking deficits in schizophrenia could be functions of control task artifacts. This paper describes two projects in which the abilities of schizophrenics and psychiatric hospital controls who had been closely matched on a wide variety of vocabulary and nonvocabulary control tasks to perform several types of abstract thinking tasks were compared. No differences on the mean scores of the schizophrenic and control patients appeared on four of five measures used. On the fifth, a logical reasoning test, the schizophrenics were inferior to controls. The results suggest that many of the differences reported earlier between schizophrenics and nonschizophrenics on abstraction tasks may result from the heavy reliance of researchers on vocabulary as a control matching test, and its peculiar resistance to deterioration in schizophrenia. The results also suggest that inability to abstract may not be a major specific deficit for schizophrenics, but that inability to use logic properly may be.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a number of reports, Gruzelier and Venables have demonstrated that about 50 per cent of the schizophrenic population do not show the skin conductance orienting response (S.C.O.R.), while those that do respond, do not show normal habituation. Zahn (Orienting response in schizophrenics. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis.,162:195–199, 1976) has questioned the bimodality of the S.C.O.R. in schizophrenia and suggests that responding/nonresponding could well be due to differential effects of phenothiazine medication. In two experiments (with equally medicated patients), in two different hospitals, the present report confirms the finding of a large proportion of nonresponding in schizophrenia but also suggests that both normal and nonhabituation are seen within schizophrenics and normals. Differential pupillary dilation and constriction parameters are seen in responders and nonresponders although both of these patient groups show tachycardia (the most usual effect of phenothiazines) in comparison to the normal group. The results do not fit easily into the differential effect of phenothiazines hypothesis proposed by Zahn.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Urinary cyclic AMP was measured longitudinally in six patients with bipolar affective disorder. The values varied from 3.55 to 19.0 μmol/24 hours with considerable variation between subjects. Three of these patients improved with administration of lithium carbonate. This improvement was not correlated with a change in cyclic AMP excretion. Five normal male volunteers were studied over a 5-day period. The urinary excretion for this group showed the same large intersubject variability but smaller intrasubject variation as was found for the patient group. It is suggested that erroneous results may be obtained for urinary cyclic AMP excretion if mean group values are used from patients not studied longitudinally.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper is a case report of sudden, unexpected autopsy-negative death in a hyperactive, hospitalized patient being treated with a modified schedule of rapid tranquilization. The data of the study suggest that death was caused by phenothiazines and that phenothiazines can cause clinically significant depression of the medullary respiratory centers of the brain stem. Clinicians should monitor rate and quality of respirations as well as blood pressure closely when schedules of rapid tranquilization are implemented.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID