摘要:

Our aim was to study the preconditions and consequences of transference interpretations by both quantitative and clinical methods. We selected the three specimen psychoanalytic treatments which had been studied most by clinical-quantitative research. For each patient the main data consisted of 16 interpretation contexts. The context of each interpretation included 250 patient words before and 250 patient words after the interpretation. Three judges independently rated these before and after segments for each of the 16 samples from each of the three patients.Judges tended to agree highly in rating these segments on nine variables. The beforevs.after ratings showed that each patient had a different but individually typical response to the 16 interpretations, ranging from patient A who usually showed a negative response, to patient B who showed some positive response, to patient C who showed a very positive response.For each of these three patients there was a clear parallel between the positivity of the immediate response to interpretations and the outcome of treatment. Even though we have so far studied only three patients, the consistency of the results suggests that it would be worth testing in a larger group whether a sample of immediate responses to interpretations might predict the eventual outcome of the treatment.Patient factors seem central in explaining the bases for the different response of each of the three patients to transference interpretations. The Health-Sickness Rating Scale ratings showed that patient A and patient B were less healthy initially than patient C— healthier patients may be able to respond better to transference interpretations. Also, the analyses of the segmentsbeforethe interpretation revealed that even before the interpretation there were differences in the three patients. These were consistent with their differing responses to interpretation; for example, patient A was rated as having less understanding than the other patients even before the interpretations.Another patient factor, the patient's readiness to experience a helping relationship, probably was significant also in explaining the differing response of the three patients to interpretations; they already differed in this experience by the third to fifth sessions, and these differences paralleled their response to interpretation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Using remote control videotape recording of interviews and subsequent analysis of the record, eight measures of nonverbal behavior (principally facial) have been made in 12 schizophrenic and 13 depressive subjects shortly after admission to the hospital and again prior to discharge. They were matched with controls who were interviewed in a similar way. Additional videotape observations were made prior to the interview, when the patient was alone and subsequently when he was shown pictures designed to evoke emotional responses.It appears that some nonverbal behaviors can be used in the interview to differentiate between psychiatric patients and normals. These may also be useful as an index of clinical change since they revert toward the normal with clinical improvement. The nonverbal behaviors studied were more prominent in the interpersonal setting than when alone or when the subject was looking at pictorial stimuli. This implies that they may be elicited in response to another individual, either as a distortion of the ordinary nonverbal signaling system, or as physiological responses to a changed state of arousal induced by the interpersonal setting rather than as static characteristics of the syndrome.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Observer ratings of positive affect and self-ratings of pleasurable experience were collected daily on six schizophrenic and five depressed inpatients during baseline medication-free periods ranging from 11 to 27 days. Schizophrenics were observed to display significantly higher degrees of positive affect than depressed patients, but they reported significantly lower degrees of experienced pleasure. Depressed patients, conversely, were observed to demonstrate significantly lower degrees of positive affect than schizophrenics, but they reported significantly higher degrees of experienced pleasure. These results have important implications for the further specification of mechanisms underlying abnormalities in pleasure associated with psychiatric disorders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Kahne (10) (has also) recorded a decrease in suicide when “psychiatrically sophisticated” (i.e. residents) were the personnel that were changing. In the situation described here only the chief resident was psychiatrically sophisticated. The other resident had just graduated from medical school. Furthermore, to a ward that previously had a senior psychiatrist in the position of authority, any resident, no matter how experienced, might appear to be “unsophisticated.”An outbreak of violence among inpatients coincident with the beginning of a residency training program is described. The phenomenon is viewed as an example of covert staff disagreement resulting in the scapegoating of black patients. Suggestions are made as to how to avoid the occurrence of similar phenomena through a process of re-education of ward staff.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous work demonstrated a relationship between the frequency with which an individual experiences stomach symptoms and the asymmetry he displays in perceiving and responding to the spatial dimension of up-down. This suggested that spatial asymmetries may mirror attitudes that have physiological and symptom consequences. The generality of this formulation was tested by examining the correlation between right-left perceptual asymmetries and various symptoms. It was demonstrated in both males and females, although more strongly in the former, that symptoms involving the body openings are significantly correlated with a left perceptual bias. A theory concerning the meaning of this relationship was offered and found to be supported in a male and also a female sample.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seventeen families (father, mother, adolescent child) containing one alcoholic and one nonalcoholic spouse were tested in the family interaction laboratory using the Reiss Pattern Recognition Card Sort, a procedure with high predictive validity in the study of family interaction patterns and psychopathology.When these families were subdivided into “wet”vs.“dry” groups based on the current drinking status of the identified alcoholic, the two groups proved to have significantly different styles of interaction. Individuals in wet families tended to act independently; individuals in dry families were highly coordinated, displaying a rigid adherence to a family level pattern of problem solving. Wet families also produced more sophisticated solutions to the card sort task than their dry compatriots following that part of the procedure in which families were permitted to discuss together possible sorting solutions.Comparisons of performance data for this sample of alcoholic families with families previously tested on the Card Sort indicated a wider range of problem-solving strategies than either schizophrenic, delinquent, or normal families, but a more rigid interactional style.These findings suggest that behavioral styles in alcoholic families, although heterogeneous, can be meaningfully subdivided based on the current drinking phase of the identified alcoholic.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A sample of 58 male and 84 female new admissions to a psychiatric facility was interviewed to identify sex differences in personal and social functioning. Female subjects were found to score significantly higher on intrapsychic distress scales while male subjects scored higher on scales measuring antisocial behavior. Using analysis of covariance, keeping the L- or Lie scale of the MMPI constant, all measures which had previously shown significant sex differences now became nonsignificant. This finding suggests that reported sex differences may be accounted for by response bias.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case of surreptitious ingestion of oral anticoagulants is presented. The patient, a 31-year-old nurse, was followed for more than 3 years and underwent thorough psychological and psychiatric evaluation.Anticoagulant malingerers are by no means rare; however, little is known about the psychiatric disturbances in these patients. The tendency has been to regard these patients as having neurotic or personality disturbances. The data in the present case suggest that factitious hemorrhagic disease is caused by a psychotic disturbance. The results of psychiatric therapy are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors present the case of a 61-year-old woman who became increasingly sensitive to her warfarin. When she remained anticoagulated during a 2-month period off of warfarin a plasma analysis detected warfarin indicating she was taking the anticoagulant surreptitiously. This patient demonstrated features of factitious illness including a background of unsatisfactory childhood relationships, average intelligence, a lack of psychosis, and no obvious secondary gain. Surreptitious use of anticoagulants should be considered in all cases of unexplained hemorrhagic symptoms with low prothrombin activity.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID