摘要:

The association between perceptions of parental-bonding style during childhood and moral affect of shame at young adulthood were examined with 264 women and 140 men (mean age [± SD] = 20.4 ± 1.6 years old). Shame affect was significantly positively related to fear of negative evaluation by others and social avoidance, and negatively related to recalled parental care in one's childhood. Multiple regression analyses indicated that maternal protectiveness, paternal care, fear of negative social evaluation, and social avoidance were significant predictors of shame, explaining 41% of the variance. Results support object relations theory, which states that shame is a moral affect associated with social evaluation apprehension and may have developmental implications for one's parental relations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Research has shown that subliminal presentation of MOMMY AND I ARE ONE (MIO) can help improve adaptive functioning. Two experiments tried to determine whether changes in mood, especially free-response mood, could help explain these findings. In one experiment, 20 men were randomly assigned to receive either a subliminal MIO or control stimulus. Results showed predicted effects on a free-response and no effects on a self-report mood measure. In the other experiment, 54 male subjects randomly received one of three subliminal stimuli. They evidenced the same pattern of mood results. Sentential semantics were shown to be relevant to the obtained results. Ascending threshold and 150 forced-choice discrimination trials demonstrated that subjects could not report stimulus content. It was concluded that MIO effects were attributable to unconscious processing of the entire message and that free-response mood may partly mediate these effects. Suggestions for future research were offered.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Latent variable models of functional somatic symptoms were estimated for a sample of 686 family medicine patients. Symptom items from the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule were selected to approximate diagnoses of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that hypothesized latent variables of somatic depression, somatic anxiety, FM-like, CF-like, and IB-like syndromes fit the observed covariations better than models hypothesizing fewer latent variables. Results offer tentative confirmation of functional somatic syndromes as discrete entities and suggest that relaxing the diagnostic criteria for somatization may identify individuals with distress limited to a single functional system.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the presence and severity of psychiatric symptoms in stroke patients correlate with their length of stay (LOS) in a rehabilitation unit, with special emphasis on the role of negative symptoms (NS). Twenty-three stroke patients, consecutively recruited from the inpatient rehabilitation unit, were evaluated on admission with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and the Functional Independent Measure (FIM). NS scores significantly correlated with LOS, with SANS total score being the most informative, and the attentional impairment subscale the least. The group of patients with pronounced NS stayed in the hospital twice as long as patients with the score on the NS subscale of PANSS below 16. These two groups did not differ in their cognitive performance or in the positive symptom subscale of PANSS scores. Total FIM score on admission was lower and HDRS scores higher in patients with pronounced NS. However, these differences, unlike those of LOS, have not reached statistical significance. The presence and severity of NS in stroke patients are associated with a longer hospital stay. Identification and treatment of NS might lead to a faster discharge from rehabilitation unit.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of the study was to assess alcohol expectancies and motives of psychiatric outpatients with and without comorbid current or lifetime substance use disorders. Seventy-five psychiatric outpatients with diagnoses of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders were administered the Alcohol Effect Expectancy Questionnaire-Abridged Version and the Drinking Motives Measure. Results demonstrated that the internal reliabilities for the two scales were comparable with those reported for these measures in the general population. Psychiatric outpatients with a history of comorbid substance use disorders reported greater expectancies and motives for using alcohol than did patients with no such history. In addition patients with comorbid alcohol and drug use disorders, and only comorbid alcohol use disorder, showed significantly greater expectancies and motives for alcohol use than patients with only comorbid drug use disorders and patients with no history of comorbid substance use disorder. We discuss the implications of the findings for role of expectancies and motives in the maintenance and treatment of substance abuse in psychiatric patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of substance use disorders in a geriatric psychiatry outpatient clinic. The overall prevalence for any substance use disorder was 20% (N= 28). The prevalence of benzodiazepine dependence was 11.4% (N= 16); the prevalence of alcohol dependence was 8.6% (N= 12); and the prevalence of prescription narcotic dependence was 1.4% (N= 2). These findings suggest that substance use disorders in the geriatric psychiatry outpatient population exist to a significantly greater extent than previously reported. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize patients with benzodiazepine dependence, alcohol dependence, and no substance use disorder. These groups were compared on demographic and clinical variables using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-squared statistical techniques. Clinicians working in comparable outpatient settings may be in a better position to prevent, detect, and treat substance use disorders in their patients as a result of increased awareness of its epidemiologic characteristics in this population.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examines individual client- and community-level sources of variation in service use among clients entering 18 community treatment programs for homeless mentally ill persons as part of a national demonstration project. Assessment data on 1,828 clients were used to evaluate the relationship of a) individual client characteristics and b) site of entry, to both the intensity and diversity of service use. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify the relative importance of client characteristics and site of entry. Client characteristics explained only 2% to 3% of the variance in service use. Inter-site variation accounted for 2 to 3 times as much of the variance. Inter-site differences account for substantially more of the variance in service use among homeless persons with mental illness than individual client characteristics. Further studies are needed to identify specific community-level factors that account for these variations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID