ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Forty elementary schoolteachers observed 15 video tapes of six children engaged in silent reading. The children were actually following prepared scripts which systematically determined the percentage of time they engaged in reading or “distractible” behavior. One of the children's distractible behaviors was faded over the 15 tapes, such that she produced distractible behaviors on 75 per cent of the first tape and on 15 per cent of the last tape. Some teacher-observers were given simple observational techniques and some were not. At the end of each tape all teacher-observers were asked to rate each child on a seven-point “distractibility scale.” Results showed that the untrained observers were quite inaccurate in their ratings, but also quite reliable. The trained observers, while they displayed more disagreements among themselves, were a good deal more accurate in their ratings.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper presents 4 cases in which highly co-operative parents were trained to use behavioral techniques to rectify their children's difficulties. In all of these, serious resistances and difficulties were encountered. In 2 cases, the mothers were successfully trained to use a differential attention procedure in the clinic. Both, however, could not apply this training in the home. A simple disciplinary technique, sitting in the bathroom for misbehavior, was substituted in both cases. This was correctly used in one. However, the father in the second terminated the program because of an extreme self-perceived nonpunitive role. In a 3rd case, the differential attention procedure failed because it apparently required a higher level of interaction with the child than was typical for the parent's reserved lifestyle.Substitution of a simple punishment procedure was immediately effective. In the 4th, home visits made clear the mother's nearly complete inability to stand up to her son's resistances to her commands. A simple behavioral program was developed and implemented at home under the direct scrutiny of a clinic staff member. This developed the necessary confidence in the mother to extend the program independently. These “difficulties” are discussed to emphasize some of the necessary conditions for successful behavioral programs using parents.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper examines the necessary and sufficient conditions for achieving long-lasting therapeutic change. The rationale for recommending direct intervention across seven distinct but inter-related modalities is outlined in some detail. Other systems of psychotherapy are briefly compared to the multimodal behavior therapy procedures advocated herein. A case presentation is provided in order to lend substance to the general notion that durable clinical results are in direct proportion to the number of specific modalities deliberately invoked by any therapeutic system.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ethical arguments against the development of behavior therapeutic practices frequently spring from a more generalized moral distrust of behaviorism's emphasis on “control” of human behavior, as well as a disbelief on the part of traditional clinical practitioners that behavioral methods are scientifically capable of meeting the therapeutic challenge. Such criticisms are examined, and found to be based on misinterpretations of the concept of behavioral control or on theoretical formulations of deviancy which are themselves far from established in the light of psychological knowledge.The methodological emphasis on behavior, it is argued, enables the behavior therapist not only to address himself to the experimental development of increasingly powerful techniques of behavior change, but equips him to be more critical of traditional confusions between scientific and moral doctrines, as well as develop a unique moral perception of the deviant individual.Finally, weaknesses in the behavioristic position on methaethical issues are discussed, notably as they pertain to misconstruing the logic of moral discourse or mischaracterizing the relationship between facts and prescriptive rules.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Obsessive-compulsive disorders have recently become treatable by newer psychological techniques. Compulsive rituals have responded to modeling with exposurein vivocoupled with response prevention (flooding). This procedure is significantly superior to relaxation. The method involves the therapist bringing the patient into prolonged contact with the stimuli which trigger his compulsive rituals and asking the patient to refrain from carrying out rituals thereafter. The therapist first demonstrates such contact before the patient undertakes it. Treatment may take but a few hours or many months. Full co-operation is essential by the patient and often the family also. Treatment frequently needs to be carried out at home as well as in hospital. Obsessive thoughts have been successfully treated by a variety of uncontrolled methods. In thought stopping, the patient is asked to induce his obsessive thought and then stop it by shouting “stop” first aloud and then subvocally. In flooding in fantasy (implosion) the patient is asked to imagine scenes concerning her obsessive thoughts for an hour or more while the therapist describes them at length. Active therapeutic ingredients of techniques still require to be worked out in more detail.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A severely debilitating obsessive disorder of short duration was successfully treated with a combination of psychotherapy and behavior therapy in a single subject experiment. The study illustrates the advantages of combining behavior therapy techniques with insight-oriented psychotherapy while systematically measuring specified target behaviors.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Research employing the patient as his own control while systematically introducing and reversing the treatment conditions can be a useful strategy in the investigation of drug-environment-behavior interactions. Reliable observations can be carried out on clinically significant behaviors. In the current article, autistic withdrawal, interpersonal eye contact, and delusional speech in psychotics were the behaviors targeted for intervention with phenothiazine drugs. The phenothiazine was shown to be the primary causal variable for altering social withdrawal, contributory for increases in eye contact, and irrelevant in the control of delusional speech.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Long-standing pedophilia was treated by aversion conditioning therapy. Although the typical fixed punishment (pairing) aversion paradigm was largely unsuccessful, prompt and dramatic progress was obtained with a response contingent (shaping) paradigm, in which shock duration was made a function of response latencies. Follow-up data extending over 32 months from final routine booster sessions revealed maintenance of both behavioral and imaginal changes.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID