摘要:

This is a study of 43 fundamentalist-pentecostal persons who experienced 71 faith healings. Each person was interviewed following a structured format to assess: a) life pattern prior to faith healing; b) life pattern subsequent to faith healing; c) medical history prior to and subsequent to faith healing; and d) perceived function of faith healing. Personality status was assessed with the Spitzer Mental Status Schedule, a scaled self-report, the MMPI, and Cornell Medical Index. A typical constellation of personality traits was found, including the use of denial, repression, projection, and disregard of reality. Faith healing does not result in alternate symptom formation, nor does it produce significant changes in life style. The primary function of faith healing is not to reduce symptomatology, but to reinforce a magical belief system that is consonant with the subculture of these subjects. Faith healing in contemporary America is part of a continuum of magical belief systems ranging from witchcraft to Christian Science. The psychodynamics are similar in all such systems, the variation is in the abstractness of the magical belief system. Within the framework of the assumptive world view in which faith healing subjects live, their personality structure and magical belief systems are not abnormal, but are part of a coping system that provides ego integration for the individual and social integration for the subculture.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Numerous investigators have reported impressive improvement rates when LSD has been used as an aid to ongoing psychotherapy, but absence of controls makes these findings difficult to evaluate. In the present study, 21 psychosomatic inpatients and 7 nonpsychotic psychiatric inpatients were randomly assigned to two psychotherapy groups, one of which received five LSD sessions and a second which received five placebo drug sessions during the course of psychotherapy. Patients in both groups were seen twice weekly over a period of 13 weeks for psychotherapy interviews in addition to the drug sessions. As measured by a number of self-report devices and clinical ratings there were no differential effects of treatment, as both groups improved to a modest extent. Twenty of the patients, equally divided between the LSD and the control groups, were followed up after 18 months. At this point the few differences found between the LSD and placebo group favored the latter. The placebo group was more emotionally stable, conscientious, and more socially precise than the LSD group according to self-report measures. There was a tendency for scores on both groups' self-report measures to regress to their pretreatment levels. According to clinical ratings, the gains in level of adjustment shown at post-treatment were maintained at the 18-month follow-up period regardless of the type of treatment received. The results and clinical impressions suggest that LSD is of minimal value as an adjunct in the treatment of marginally motivated and psychologically unsophisticated individuals.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two 6-week self-experiential treatment programs deemed to effect direct modification of the self-concept and improve psychiatric adjustment of the chronic schizophrenic were developed and implemented. These two programs focused on: a) physical sense of identity; and b) emotional expression and recognition in conjunction with videotape feedback.The results revealed that self-experiential treatment did not result in a positive change in self-concept and psychiatric adjustment when compared to social interaction treatment which served as a control condition.The findings also indicated that the manner in which videotape, feedback is presented is a crucial determinant in assessing its effects upon the individual. It was suggested that consideration should be directed toward helping the patient initially deal with his perceptions and feelings as generated by self-confrontation procedures. Subsequent efforts could then be directed toward restructuring his self-perceptions in accord with reality.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper describes a successful operant conditioning program using a variety of reinforcers which were individualized for 5 hospitalized female anorexia nervosa patients, resulting in rapid weight gain to premorbid levels. The patients studied met the following criteria: a) weight loss greater than 25 per cent of body weight; b) morbid aversion to food with conscious dietary restriction; c) absence of medical illness; and d) amenorrhea.A detailed medical and laboratory investigation preceded the treatment regimen.During the initial 7 days in the hospital, the patients were observed by the medical and nursing staff. On the basis of their observations a system of rewards was tailored for each patient. Goals were set for both daily and weekly weight gains. The specific rewards included physical activity, socializing off the wards, overnight and weekend passes and progressive privileges on the ward. It was made clear that the responsibility for weight gain rested with the patient.Weight gain was rapid. Patient discomfort was minimized. The patients experienced no side effects related to the therapy.It is stressed that this is only the initial phase in the therapy of this disorder. Further treatment is then individualized to meet the ongoing needs of the patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The integration of group processes into individual psychotherapy is a significant technical advance but confronts us with certain complicated unsolved problems which have not hitherto been faced. This paper constitutes an effort to call our attention to some of these problems.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This double blind study assessed the antidepressant properties of diazepam, a minor tranquilizer, phenobarbital sodium, a barbiturate, and amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, in 138 nonpsychotic depressed and mixed anxious depressed outpatients. Its major purpose was to examine whether the frequently claimed antidepressant effects of minor and major tranquilizers are specific for these agents or may simply be explained by their sedative effects. Patients in this study, treated in general practice, private psychiatric practice, or a psychiatric clinic, responded as well to the primarily sedating phenobarbital sodium (120 mg/day) as to either diazepam (20 mg/day) or amitriptyline (100 mg/day). This suggests that antidepressant effects may indeed be largely explained by sedative effects.Such nondrug factors as treatment setting, severity of initial anxiety and depression, and diagnostic category did not differentially affect response to the three agents. There was evidence, however, that phenobarbital produced more improvement in patients with lower educational levels and greater family stress, confirming earlier results showing such patients to respond particularly well to the primarily sedative effects of this agent. Also, diazepam produced more improvement in patients who reported side effects than in patients who did not, suggesting that the present diazepam dosage may not have been high enough to exert maximal antidepressant effects.Amitriptyline was associated with more attrition, dosage deviation, autonomic nervous system side effects, and severe side effects than the other two agents. Diazepam produced the least attrition and greatest number of sedative side effects. Drug differences in attrition, dosage deviation, and side effects did not, however, reach statistical significance.The lack of main drug effects in the present study cannot be attributed to a low improvement rate. Indeed, evidence from several sources was presented to indicate that all three drugs produced a relatively high degree of clinical improvement over the 4- to 6-week treatment period.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four related psychological studios were undertaken with parkinsonians on l-Dopa therapy for varying lengths of time to provide an assessment of their longer range psychological status (time on l-Dopa >2 years), particularly in comparison to the shorter range (time on l-Dopa <2 years) effects, A variety of psychological tests of cognitive-perception, emotional behavior, and perceptual arousal wero administered to indeponclont-oquatod groups of patients on shorter and longer range therapy and to equated control samples, It was found that longer range parkinsonians (on l-Dopa a mean of 2½ years) largely tended to maintain earlier increments in cognitive- perceptual functions, However, significant worsening of subjectively porcoived depression at that stage, as compared with the l-year status, was noted, Those effects were independent of ago, SOK, length of illness or stage and severity of disease, It is suggested that this increased depression is largely psychogonio in nature, and related to such life event variables as failure of the drug to cure the disease, continuing progression of symptoms and disability, and continuing need for constant medical treatment, In contrast, it is hypothesized that earlier cognitive-perceptual increments are maintained (at least up to 2½ years) due to the continuing increase in behavioral activation, and in turn are related largely to chemical events indicated by l-Dopa administration,

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Systematic assessment of 12 ego functions in 25 schizophrenics, 25 neurotics, and 25 normals was carried out in a 5-year research project. In the present article this ego function assessment is applied to the study of a single patient in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Utilizing the intensive design technique of statistical study, the effect of diazepam (Valium) in combination with psychotherapy was studied. Assessments were made, by the senior author as therapist, in a double blind situation, after every one of the two weekly therapy sessions, over a 6-month period, and compared to independent ratings by the experimental interview developed in the research project.The results suggest that clinical assessment of ego functions can be made validly and reliably, and that the therapeutic effect of diazepam can be discerned over and above the effect of time and psychotherapy.The intensive design technique is likely to be useful generally for research in psychoanalysis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1973

数据来源: OVID