摘要:

A population of prisoners 6 feet in height and over were evaluated by psychiatric and psychological means to concentrate those who seemed to fit the reported criteria of persons with an XYY chromosome karyotype.Chromosome analysis on the population selected by psychiatric and psychological evaluation revealed no such individual. However, cytogenetic study of a tall prisoner with severe acne into adulthood resulted in identification of one XYY individual in that prison population. He did not fit the psychiatric or psychological criteria for those with an XYY chromosome anomaly. Complete case work-up of this man is reported.A method to determine the proper criteria to concentrate persons with XYY chromosome karyotype in a prison population is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study explored the possibility of eliciting motor responses from sleeping Ss. Nineteen Ss slept in the laboratory for 2 nights. Some Ss responded behaviorally, while remaining asleep, to verbal suggestions which had been administered previously during stage 1 sleep. Many responses were obtained without elieiting alpha activity during the suggestion, after the cue word was administered, or before and after the response. When a successful response occurred, alpha frequency was not significantly different from the slowed frequency occurring spontaneously during stage 1 sleep. The average response latency was 32 seconds, and this increased as the temporal dissociation between the administration of the suggestion and the eue word increased. After the S awakened, he did not remember the verbally presented material, nor could he remember responding, and he did not respond to the eue word while awake. When S returned to sleep the next night, or even 5 months later, the mere repetition of the relevant eue word (without repetition of the suggestion itself) was sufficient to elicit the appropriate response. It is concluded that a subject is capable of some interaction with his environment while he is aslcep.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The intention of this study was to test the proposition, advanced by Fiss and his eolleagues, that persistence of some of the properties of sleep states influences the content and structure of Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories elicited immediately after arousal. In addition to comparing stories produced upon awakening from rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep, contiguity to these states was varied by employing abruptvs.gradual methods of awakening. It was hypothesized that abrupt awakenings from REM sleep would yield more dreamlike stories than gradual awakenings from that state; that such abrupt/gradual differences would be exclusive to the REM stories; and that REM stories would be more dreamlike than non-REM stories.Sixteen male college students were paid to spend 1 night each at the sleep laboratory. Subjects were awakened four times for TAT stories, twice from stage 2 non-REM sleep and twice from REM sleep. One awakening from each sleep state was abrupt, the other gradual. Stories were analyzed by two “blind” raters with respect to several content and structural variables.Results diselosed that stories produced following non-REM abrupt awakenings differed from all others in being less bizarre, less emotional, less imaginative, and less negative in affective tone. This finding suggests that a carry-over of non-REM characteristics was facilitated by proximity to that sleep state. There occurred no detectable earry-over effect from REM sleep. One implication of these results is that the method-of-awakening differences observed in dream recall are not the result of an ability-to-report artifact.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Subjects were stimulated by a specially arranged auditory stimulus during rapid and non-rapid eye movement (REM and NREM) sleep. This stimulus can elicit primary and secondary process levels of responses. Analysis of the sleep reports showed that the stimulus influenced the content of NREM reports on a conceptual level—which is assumed to be related to secondary process thinking—while for REM reports this effect was not present. The results of this study support the hypothesis of different levels of thought organization associated with REM and NREM sleep.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To answer the question of whether the scalp-recorded electroencephalo-graphical (EEG) pattern of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (paradoxical sleep) can be diseriminated from the drowsiness state and awakening state, the visually identified, artifact-free, digital computer-analyzed EEG samples of these three stages in seven volunteers were compared for each person as well as for the entire group. Statistical evaluation (analysis of variance and diseriminant function) of the quantitative EEG measures demonstrated that the REM period is characterized by a low voltage EEG with less alpha activity and more slow and very fast activity than the awakening and the drowsiness states. Since these kinds of EEG alterations have been observed, particularly after anticholinergic “hallucinogenic” drugs, and since the increase of fast activity during anticholinergic drug-induced “delirium” is related to an increase of perceptual disturbances, a relationship between increased fast waves and an increase of mental activity during sleep (dream) has been postulated.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Rapid eye movement frequency (REM density) and REM time in the first 6 hours of uninterrupted sleep were studied in relation to various measures of home dream recall in 41 normal young adult male Ss. The incidence of detailed dream reports was significantly positively related to REM density. On the other hand, vague and no-content dream reports were negligibly related to REM density. Similar relationships were found between dream reporting and REM time. It was argued that detailed dream reports tend to come from end-of-the-night awakenings from REM periods with much eye movement activity, while vague and no-content reports either are derived from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) awakenings or from REM period awakenings occurring earlier in the night and from which the S returns to sleep.A questionnaire estimate of dream recall proved to be a fair predictor of detailed dream recall as measured by a sleep log kept for 14 consecutive days and was thought to sample the delayed recall of vivid dreams from end-of-the-night REM periods with high REM densities.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To our knowledge, this paper presents the first systematic blind study of spontaneous art productions in the manic-depressive psychosis. The study has focused on changes in pictorial expression associated with intrapsychic changes occurring in the disease. A female patient with rapid and dramatic mood swings (alternating mania and depression every 24 hours, with no interim “normal” period) was studied. The evaluation of the pictures was divided into 1) a study of form and affect and 2) a study of content.Form and affect: Different pictorial characteristics of color, linear style, configurations, organization, and affect were hypothesized by the authors to be associated with each phase of the illness. A sample of the patient's pictures was selected based on independent nursing staff behavioral ratings of mania and depression. Using a blind rating procedure, seven independent judges rated each picture “manic” or “depressed.” The judges then designated which characteristics hypothesized to be associated with each phase of the illness applied to each picture and reevaluated the pictures for “mania” and “depression” using these characteristics as a guide. The results indicated that use of the hypothesized characteristics enabled the judges to improve their determinations of mania or depression at a statistically significant level and that the relationship between a given pictorial characteristic and the phase of illness with which it was hypothesized to be associated was statistically significant for 15 out of the 17 items.Content:Since an understanding of pictorial content depends on the patient's associations to the pictures, the blind methodology was not applied to this area of the investigation. The most frequent recurrent themes and symbols in the patient's art work from each phase of the illness are presented. Speculations concerning their psychodynamic significance and their pictorial and symbolic interrelationships are discussed. Examples from particular art therapy sessions illustrate the dynamic implications.In comparing material from this study with observations by other writers on manic and depressive art, much divergence has been found.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The artist as person, seen through the psychogram and content analysis of the Rorschach protocol (of one artist of the 1950's), emerges as a highly anxious and conflicted person with an original and individualistic perception of the world. His thought processes show a closeness to unconscious and often primitive contents which are more stably repressed in the average man. His emotions tend to be chaotic, labile, ambivalent, often dissociated and dangerously overintense. He shows a great resistance to the ready made and conventional patterns of society, and he has a high tolerance for eccentricity in himself and a respect for it in others. His personal values and moral codes are high but often at odds with the material goals of society.One of the central motives for his creativity appears to be his effort to reestablish contact and communieation, lost in early childhood, through a process of complex individuation and fantasy withdrawal from emotional involvement with a mother whom he found intimate, demanding, and emotionally overwhelming, and with whom he seeretly identified. As a mature man, he struggles to find his manhood without giving up his feminine identity.Whether the artist turned away from the world into his fantasy and his work because he was frustrated and angry, or because he had to find a way to express the love which was inhibited from direct expression by his lost communication remains a riddle. As a mature man he shows very little wish for direct personal communication. He is content to establish it at a substitute symbolic level. His absorption with his symbol world leaves him no time for close personal ties. He feels most gratified and complete when he is working. The creative process achieves for him a sense of integrity and identity. The process of successful creation gives the artist the temporary self-sufficiency and security of the psychological hermaphrodite. However, creativity is only a sporadic relief from the underlying current of deep, generally unconscious, anguish. Although only a small minority of artists seem to face this openly, the content of the Rorschach responses suggests that this is a basic theme of the preconscious stream.There appears to be a deep sadness over the basic alienation from society, over the loss of love and the inability to love directly, over the awareness of the futility of most human gestures of contact, over the inevitability of death, and over the possible uselessness of art. The artist has a gnawing suspicion that he may have paid too high a price for his peculiar adjustment. However, in the final analysis, whatever the basic drives and sources of energy, it is evident that the artist creates “beauty” or “truth” with energy which many equally talented men use destructively or not at all. And so he triumphs, for a little time at least, over his basic existential despair.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID