摘要:

Sleep measurements as determined by all-night electroencephalogram recordings and the sleep ratings by the nursing staff were compared in 20 patients during periods of behavioral and psychological disturbance. In all 7 schizophrenic patients actual sleep was accurately determined by the nurses. Only in 4 the 12 depressed patients did actual sleep comparisons achieve high nursing reliability. Intermittent wakefulness assessed by matched pairs suggested that nurses had difficulty distinguishing wakefulness from sleep in depressed patients. Using the duration of total sleep comparisons failed to improve nursing reliability with depressed patients. Both sleep latency and early morning awakening were accurately determined in less than 25% of the cases. These results point up the need to re-evaluate previous sleep studies dependent on observational data, especially those relating to depression.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chronic sleep talkers utter sleep speech under laboratory conditions at a sufficiently frequent rate as to be capable of providing useful material for study.Fifty-three base line experiments consisting of one or more nights of monitored, otherwise undisturbed sleep were performed on 13 paid subjects offering a history of chronic sleep talking. A total of 206 speeches was recorded. Marked individual differences were observed in total frequency of sleep speech episodes as well as differences in tendencies of association with sleep stages. In general, 20 to 25% of speeches are associated with rapid eye movement period sleep and 75 to 80% are associated with non-rapid eye movement sleep.Additional similar experiments were performed on two larger subject pools: one of chronic sleep talkers and another of good dream recallers with a low arousal threshold. Frequencies of sleep speech and association with specific sleep stages are reported for these conditions as well.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The content of 166 sleep speeches uttered by 28 paid chronic sleep talkers in the laboratory was compared to the content of wakeful mentation reports elicited shortly after utterances. Concordance between the two in varying degrees was discernible in 79.2% of rapid eye movement period, 45.8% of stage II and 21.1% of stage III–IV speech report pairs. Concordance tendencies were also studied on several varying experimental conditions.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A study was designed to investigate telepathic effects in dreams. A singleS, who had previously been successful in a similar study at another laboratory, spent 8 nights at the Maimonides Dream Laboratory. On each night, a target (art print) was randomly selected by a staff member (agent) afterSwas in bed. The agent spent the night in a distant room, attempting to influenceS‘s dreams telepathically, once the monitoring experimenters signaled that a dream period had begun. At the end of each dream period (detected by electroencephalogram-electrooculogram monitoring),Swas awakened by the experimenters and the dream report was elicited and tape-recorded. Only the agent was aware of the target content and he remained in his room throughout the night. Blind evaluations of target-dream correspondences by bothSand an outside judge produced statistically significant results supporting the telepathy hypothesis.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study constitutes an attempt to differentiate between dreams of patients who have attempted suicide and acutely disturbed nonsuicidal patients. The dreams of patients from these two groups were recorded and compared, and differences in the thematic content of the manifest dreams were found. The specific themes of death and destructive or violent hostility were present in dreams of suicidal patients to a significantly greater extent than in the dreams of the comparison group.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The use of optokinetic nystagmus as a criterion of vivid, hypnotic imagery was re-examined. A slowly moving stripe was used to induce nystagmus. Eye movements were recorded whileSobserved the stimulus and then imagined it, in the waking state and as an hypnotic hallucination. A nystagmus-like pattern was observed in all three cases, but eye movements during imagery contained significantly more saccades than eye movements during actual observation. There was no significant difference between waking imagery and hypnotic hallucinations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was made to examine the hypothesis that verbal hallucination is an expression of so-called “inner speech,” using electromyographic techniques. In 9 schizophrenic patients, it was found that the experience of verbal hallucination was accompanied by an increase of electromyogram (EMG) discharge of the speech musculature in 47.6%. The time lag between the start of increase of EMG discharge and that of verbal hallucination was usually within 1.5 seconds. The duration of the EMG increase was positively correlated with the duration of verbal hallucination. It was further found that the verbal hallucination with an increase of EMG of the speech musculatures was experienced as a relatively loud one by the subjects, while the hallucination without EMG increase was experienced as a small one.It is suggested that subvocal speech, a part of inner speech, is produced at the moment of experiencing verbal hallucinations as demonstrated by the increase of EMG of the speech musculatures.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1970

数据来源: OVID