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1. |
Beware of Certainty Where None Exists: A Review ofDoes Psychoanalysis Work? |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 345-350
MORRIS PARLOFF,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Values and Assumptions in the Development of DSM-III and DSM-III-R: An Insider's Perspective and a Belated Response to Sadler, Hulgus, and Agich's "On Values in Recent American Psychiatric Classification" |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 351-359
ROBERT SPITZER,
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摘要:
It is widely acknowledged that the approach taken in the development of a classification of mental disorders is guided by various values and assumptions. The author, who played a central role in the development of DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association [1980]Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed. Washington, DC:Author) and DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association [1987]Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed, rev. Washington, DC:Author) will explicate the basic values and assumptions that guided the development of these two diagnostic manuals. In so doing, the author will respond to the critique of DSM-III and DSM-III-R made by Sadler et al. in their 1994 paper (Sadler JZ, Hulgus YF, Agich GJ [1994] On values in recent American psychiatric classification.J Med Phil19:261-277). The author will attempt to demonstrate that the stated goals of DSM-III and DSM-III-R are not inherently in conflict and are easily explicated by appealing to widely held values and assumptions, most of which appeared in the literature during the development of the manuals. Furthermore, we will demonstrate that it is not true that DSM-III places greater emphasis on reliability over validity and is covertly committed to a biological approach to explaining psychiatric disturbance.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
The Comprehensive Assessment of Defense Style: Measuring Defense Mechanisms in Children and Adolescents |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 360-368
NATHANIEL LAOR,
LEO WOLMER,
DOMENIC CICCHETTI,
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摘要:
This study introduces the Comprehensive Assessment of Defense Style (CADS), a new method to assess descriptively the defensive behavior of children and adolescents. Parents of 124 children and adolescents referred to a mental health clinic, of 104 nontreated children, and of 15 children whose fathers were treated for posttraumatic stress disorder completed the CADS. Factor analysis of 28 defenses yielded one mature factor, one immature factor of defenses expressed in relations with the environment (other-oriented), and one of defenses expressed in relations with the self (self-oriented). The CADS significantly discriminated between patients and nonpatients. Psychiatric patients used more immature and fewer mature defenses than control subjects, and adolescents used more mature and fewer other-oriented defenses than children. Girls used more mature and fewer other-oriented defenses than boys. The reliability and validity data of the CADS are encouraging. The three defense factors may be implemented for diagnostic and clinical purposes as well as for screening for psychopathology risk in untreated populations.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
Validation of the Comprehensive Assessment of Defense Style (CADS): Mothers' and Children's Responses to the Stresses of Missile Attacks |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 369-376
LEO WOLMER,
NATHANIEL LAOR,
DOMENIC CICCHETTI,
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摘要:
This study furthers the validation of the Comprehensive Assessment of Defense Style (CADS) as a measure of children's defensive behavior. Participants were 81 mothers who assessed the defense style (CADS) of their 8- to 10-year-old children, as well as their own defense style and level of object relations. Five years earlier, the mothers had rated their children's symptom level and personality after the missile attacks during the Gulf War. The original factor structure of the CADS was replicated for the most part. Self-oriented and other-oriented defenses were related to the children's early personality and symptomatic reaction, as well as to their mother's defense style and level of object relations. The CADS factors correlated with the defenses of theDefense Mechanisms Manual.The results provide further validation of the CADS and suggest possible areas of implementation, such as longitudinal examination of defenses, psychopathology screening, and therapeutic improvement.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
The Effect of Institutional Fiscal Stress on the Use of Atypical Antipsychotic Medications in the Treatment of Schizophrenia |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 377-383
DOUGLAS LESLIE,
ROBERT ROSENHECK,
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摘要:
This paper examines the effects of medical center budget stress on the use of expensive atypical antipsychotic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). VA prescription drug records were collected for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Generalized estimation equations were used to identify patient and facility characteristics (especially fiscal stress) that are associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics. Of the 34,925 patients in the final sample, over half received an atypical antipsychotic, usually either olanzapine or risperidone. Unexpectedly, increased fiscal stress was associated with increased likelihood of receiving atypical antipsychotics. Among patients who receive atypicals, however, fiscal stress was associated with reduced likelihood of receiving the more expensive atypicals (clozapine and olanzapine) but positively associated with receiving the least expensive atypical (risperidone). Institutional fiscal pressure does not seem to reduce the broad availability of these medications overall but does affect which drug is prescribed.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Drug Treatment Outcomes for Adolescents with Comorbid Mental and Substance Use Disorders |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 384-392
CHRISTINE GRELLA,
YIH-ING HSER,
VANDANA JOSHI,
JENNIFER ROUNDS-BRYANT,
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摘要:
This study compared the pretreatment characteristics and posttreatment outcomes of substance-abusing adolescents with and without comorbid mental disorders in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies for Adolescents. Subjects (N= 992) were sampled from 23 adolescent drug treatment programs across three modalities (residential, short-term inpatient, outpatient drug-free). Nearly two thirds (64%) of the sample had at least one comorbid mental disorder, most often conduct disorder. Comorbid youth were more likely to be drug or alcohol dependent and had more problems with family, school, and criminal involvement. Although comorbid youth reduced their drug use and other problem behaviors after treatment, they were more likely to use marijuana and hallucinogens, and to engage in illegal acts in the 12 months after treatment, as compared with the noncomorbid adolescents. Integrated treatment protocols need to be implemented within drug treatment programs in order to improve the outcomes of adolescents with comorbid substance use and mental disorders.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Suprathreshold Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Elevates Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Healthy Male Subjects |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 393-397
STEFAN COHRS,
FRITHJOF TERGAU,
JESSICA KORN,
WOLFGANG BECKER,
GÖRAN HAJAK,
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摘要:
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been introduced as a new antidepressive treatment strategy. The mode of action by which the antidepressive effect is brought about is not yet clear. Other antidepressive treatment strategies such as sleep deprivation are associated with an increase of plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels that correlate with clinical improvement. In the present study, the effect of left prefrontal suprathreshold (120% of motor threshold) rTMS on TSH plasma levels of 19 healthy male subjects was investigated in comparison with subthreshold (80% of motor threshold) and sham stimulation. Suprathreshold rTMS was followed by a significant relative increase of TSH levels 10 and 60 minutes after stimulation in comparison with subthreshold and sham stimulation. The more pronounced effect of suprathreshold rTMS on TSH plasma levels might be important for the determination of optimal stimulation parameters in the treatment of depressed patients.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
Insight Is Greater in Mixed than in Pure Manic Episodes of Bipolar I Disorder |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 398-399
Frederick Cassidy,
Joseph McEvoy,
Yen Yang,
William Wilson,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
Evaluation of a Portable Low Cost Videophone System in the Assessment of Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Function in Elderly Medically Ill Veterans |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 399-401
A. Menon,
Prasad Kondapavalru,
Popuri Krishna,
J. Chrismer,
Allen Raskin,
J. Hebel,
Paul Ruskin,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
Self-Awarensss in Schizophrenia: Its Relationship to Depressive Symptomatology and Broad Psychiatric Impairments |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 189,
Issue 6,
2001,
Page 401-403
Robert Schwartz,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:2001
数据来源: OVID
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