摘要:

Patterns of locked seclusion use were reviewed on an inpatient service caring for both voluntary and involuntary patients. Hospital records of 313 sequentially admitted patients were studied, comparing those patients requiring one or more episode of seclusion with those never secluded. Eighteeen per cent of the patients studied were secluded, a group significantly younger, more likely to have a manic-like illness, more often never married, and more frequently involuntarily hospitalized than the nonsecluded group. Patterns of seclusion frequency, duration, and numbers of episodes per patient are discussed in the context of the milieu. The modal pattern of seclusion in our study was for it to occur in the first week of hospitalization, for there to be one or two episodes per patient, and for total seclusion time to be 3 hours or less. The authors conclude that early and judicious use of seclusion with both voluntary and involuntary patients is compatible with modern hospital work and that the pattern of use reflects both clinical and milieu parameters.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this study of inpatient hospitalization, gender was found to be a significant variable. Effects of gender upon admission and discharge Global Assessment Scale scores raises the possibility of differential criteria for men and women to be admitted or discharged: a“gender bias effect.”Results also support the hypothesis of a“patient gender effect”of greater responsiveness to treatment by women. As predicted, gender showed complex interactions with other variables, including diagnosis, age, marital status, and prior hospital experience. Length of stay was not found to be related to gender.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The authors of a recent article (Neufeld, R. W. J., and Broga, M. I. Evaluation of information sequential aspects of schizophrenic performance. II. Research strategies and methodological issues. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis.,169: 569–579, 1981) questioned the usefulness of considering reliability and other psychometric characteristics of tasks in the comparison of the pathological and normal groups on the abilities measured by the tasks. They supported their conclusion by a reanalysis of data published by Chapman and Chapman (Chapman, L. J., and Chapman, J. P. Problems in the measurement of cognitive deficit. Psychol. Bull.,79:380–385,1973). We contend that their conclusion was based on an inappropriate analysis of the data with a neglect of relevant psychometric principles.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fifty subjects without a history of psychiatric disorder were selected from temporary employment agencies. Subjects were then assigned to two groups based solely on their performance on a forced-choice version of the span of apprehension task which previous research suggests may be associated with vulnerability to schizophrenia. The group of subjects characterized by poor performance on the span of apprehension scored significantly higher on the Schizophrenia scale of the MMPI, two indices of schizotypy—the Schizoidia and Schizophrenism scales—and an index of subclinical schizophrenic thinking, the Magical Ideation scale, than the balance of the subjects. The poor span group did not show generalized elevations on the MMPI, suggesting that there is some degree of specificity for the relationship between the span of apprehension performance and scores on indices of schizotypy and psychotic-like experiences. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that impairment in early aspects of information processing is associated with vulnerability to schizophrenic disorders. Subjects with poor performance on the span of apprehension task also scored more poorly than the balance of the group on three neuropsychological tasks: the Trail Making Test, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Rey's Tangled Line task.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relative influence of genuine “redundancy deficit” and the artifactual effects of prepreparatory interval on measures of the redundancy deficit reaction time pattern (faster reaction time on trials with long preparatory intervals when the interval is of predictablevs.unpredictable length) was investigated in a study using the “embedded-set” procedure. Twenty normal and 20 schizophrenic subjects received two series of reaction time trials containing embedded sets (blocks) of four isotemporal 1-, 3-, and 7-second trials. The 7-second blocks (the blocks of interest for the calculation of redundancy deficit) were preceded by long prepreparatory intervals in one condition and by short intervals for the second. Each subject received both conditions, with the orders counterbalanced. The results indicated redundancy deficit for both schizophrenics and normals with short prepreparatory intervals, but in neither group with long prepreparatory intervals. This suggests that redundancy deficit in the embedded-set procedure (which is normally heavily biased with short prepreparatory intervals) may be more related to the enhancing effect of short prepreparatory intervals on the first (unpredictable) trial of the set than to impaired performance on the fourth (predictable) trial. The finding of similar effects in both schizophrenic and normal subjects raises questions about the specificity of redundancy deficit to schizophrenic reaction time performance. The results were discussed with reference to the original “long run” reaction time procedure for studying the same phenomenon, and theoretical issues related to the interpretation of results from the two procedures were considered.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There has been general agreement on the symptoms of mania, but the validity of criteria for diagnosing mania have not been studied. The present study evaluates diagnostic criteria for mania by examining their internal construct validity,i.e., whether they are consistent with structure implicit in the concept of diagnostic criteria. Symptom information from 235 patients with varying diagnoses were studied. Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, hyperactivity, and rapid or pressured speech were found to define a diagnostic classification of mania. Grandiosity and flight of ideas were related to this classification but did not contribute to its definition. Results suggested new diagnostic criteria for mania, with patients being diagnosed manic if they had at least two of the three designated symptoms. Additional information on the presence or absence of grandiosity and/or flight of ideas changed the diagnoses of only seven patients (3 per cent), all of whom had had the lowest certainty of diagnosis based on three symptoms. The entire study was replicated on an independent sample of 182 patients with nearly identical results.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated the relationship of relaxation practice to blood pressure reduction in 31 hypertensive subjects who participated in an 8-week treatment program. Subjects achieved significant post-treatment reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which were maintained at 5 months follow-up and were found to generalize to the subjects' home environment. Subjects who practiced relaxation with their spouses showed significantly better treatment adherence than those who practiced relaxation alone. No differences were found in blood pressure reduction between the two groups, however, due to the fact that pressure reduction was only modestly correlated with degree of relaxation practice. A significant, inverse relationship was found between blood pressure reduction and two measures associated with the Type A behavior pattern. Results of this study provide further evidence that relaxation training is effective in the treatment of some persons with mild, essential hypertension; however, further efforts are needed to identify predictors of treatment response.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID