摘要:

We present data showing the degree to which a “biological-psychotherapeutic” division persists in American psychiatry, and how psychiatrists' treatment orientation is associated with personal and professional characteristics. Almost two thirds of academic psychiatrists who responded to our survey (N= 435) could be classified as either biological (27%) or psychotherapeutic (37%) in orientation, according to the proportion of their caseload to which they provided psychotherapy (25%vs.≥75%). There appears to have been an increase over the last 35 years in the proportion of psychiatrists who can be classified as biologically oriented and a decrease in the proportion who can be classified as psychotherapeutically oriented, as well as the emergence of a large class of intermediate or “eclectic” practitioners (36%). Several personal and professional attributes were distributed differentially according to treatment orientation. Psychotherapeutically oriented respondents more frequently reported personal histories of psychiatric disorders than did biologically oriented respondents (64%vs.39%) as well as greater satisfaction with clinical work (81%vs.53% “very satisfied”). Differences were also found in age, gender, history of personal psychotherapy, family history of psychiatric disorder, history of marijuana use, degrees of involvement in research, teaching and clinical care of patients, and overall work satisfaction, as well as other characteristics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study deals with the views of medical students toward real psychiatric patients. The students answered seven questions about ten patients who had been interviewed by a senior faculty member. The interviews were recorded on audiovisual tapes. The questions dealt with different aspects of mental illness and included views on how laypersons would evaluate and respond to patients, what it would be like to care for the patients, and whether the patients were potentially dangerous. Answers to questions were correlated. Gender and the student's accuracy in rating psychopathology were used as independent variables to examine students' views and the possible change in these views as a result of participating in a 6-week psychiatric clerkship. The pattern of intercorrelations is reported and discussed. Negative views correlated with anticipated difficulty in caring for patients, and positive views correlated with a higher accuracy in rating psychopathology. In general, student views about mental illness were relatively impervious to the effect of a clerkship. Results are discussed in terms of prior research and knowledge about gender differences in interpersonal sensitivity. Some of the social implications of the results are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent interest in insight in psychiatry has resulted in studies focusing on correlations between insight and variables such as severity of psychopathology, neuropsychological impairments, and magnetic resonance imaging. However, there has been relatively little exploration of the concept of insight itself as a basis of empirical research. This paper examines the concept of insight, differentiating this from the phenomenon of insight, and proposes that insight is a construct that needs to be considered from the perspective of the patient, of the clinician, and of their interaction. A new hierarchical model of insight construction is described, closely linked to symptom formation, and mechanisms are suggested to explain insight structure in relation to the different ways symptoms arise. The relationship between insight and symptom structure and disease suggests that the phenomenon of insight will vary in relation to different diseases. This in turn suggests that insight assessments should be modified according to the individual disease.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We administered a series of 12 brief vignettes depicting examples of positive, negative, and manic psychopathology in everyday language to 21 patients with schizophrenia and 20 patients with mania. We asked patients to rate, first, how similar they were to the individual depicted in each vignette, and, second, the degree to which the experiences or behaviors depicted in each vignette reflected mental illness. Psychiatrists also rated how similar each patient was to each vignette. At admission, patients with schizophrenia rated themselves as significantly less similar to the positive symptom vignettes than the psychiatrists rated them. Patients with mania did not differ from the psychiatrist in rating their similarity to the vignettes, but they strongly denied that the vignettes reflected mental illness.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To investigate the hypothesis of anterior brain involvement in alcoholism, nonfamilial short-term drinkers (STD) and long-term drinkers (LTD) were assessed using neuropsychological tests commonly related to frontal lobe functions. Both STDs and LTDs were similarly impaired on measures of visually mediated concept formation and flexibility of thinking. Results from other time-constrained tests that required good concentration and immediate memory, visual scanning, and visual-motor coordination were significantly lower in the LTD group as compared with STDs. The data suggest a dual-factor hypothesis of anterior cerebral dysfunctions in alcoholism: a preexisting deficit in conceptual thinking and consequential CNS abnormality (psychomotor slowing, decreased attentiveness, and immediate memory) associated with prolonged alcohol intake, and resembling signs of premature aging.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Substance abuse is common among persons with severe mental illness, but few measures exist for clinicians to evaluate treatment progress. The Substance Abuse Treatment Scale (SATS) combines a motivational hierarchy with explicit substance use criteria to form an eight-stage model of the recovery process. Data are presented supporting the reliability and validity of the SATS, based on its use in a community-based sample of persons with dual disorders. The SATS can be used as either a process or an outcome measure, for individuals or for groups, and its value in making explicit the stages of substance abuse treatment is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was designed to determine the extent of family problems among a clinic population of Cambodian and Vietnamese refugees, and to identify similarities and differences between the two groups. All 107 patients with adolescent children from a total clinic population of 298 were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire, results were tabulated, and statistical methods were applied. The types of problems with children described by parents were classified into the dimensions of communication, personal behaviors, school performance, social behaviors, and antisocial behaviors. There were significantly more problems described by Vietnamese parents as compared with Cambodian parents. Vietnamese parents reported significantly more dissatisfaction with life in the United States. For both ethnic groups, parents' relationships with their adolescent children were a major source of concern and had a major impact on parents' perceptions of their own health. Yet, there were important ethnic differences between these refugee groups in how patients perceived their problems.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID