摘要:

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was officially introduced into psychiatric nomenclature in 1980, when it was incorporated into DSM-III. There is as yet little empirical research on the validity of the diagnosis/Literature on disasters, civilian and wartime, and on more ordinary stressful life events does not support the view that extreme stressors form a discrete class of stressors in terms of theprobabilityof psychiatric sequelae or thedistinctive natureof subsequent psychopathology. Extraordinary stressors are like more ordinary stressful events with respect to their complex differential effects upon individuals. Personal characteristics and the nature of the social environment modify the likelihood and form of the response of individuals to all types of stressors.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study assessed social functioning among three groups of Israeli soldiers: a) front-line soldiers who had been treated for combat stress reaction during the 1982 Lebanon war (N=382); b) matched control front-line soldiers who did not sustain combat stress reaction (N=334); and c) combat-ready soldiers who did not participate in the 1982 war (N — 88). Subjects were screened 1 year after the war for posttraumatic stress disorder and social functioning. Results indicated that participation in combat per se did not have adverse effects on postwar social functioning. However, combat stress reactions and posttraumatic stress disorder were found to be associated with a decline in postwar social functioning. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings were discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Five months after a tornado devastated a rural community in eastern North Carolina, the authors surveyed the mental health status of 116 disaster victims, using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) expanded to include most of DSM-III criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A total of 69 (59%) victims met the criteria for acute PTSD, 19 of whom had a severe form. Although an inadequate degree of social support was more often noted in victims with severe PTSD, other demographic factors and degree of injury or property damage did not appear to be related to the presence of PTSD. Severity or presence of PTSD was supported by high scores on all HSCL subscale factors. These findings suggest a high incidence of acute PTSD in victims of natural disasters and the potential value of HSCL in screening for PTSD in large populations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although the posttraumatic stress disorders of Vietnam veterans have been well documented, the psychological and environmental factors that gave rise to these and other psychiatric disorders remain to be clearly identified. The object of this study is to determine if United States Marines who were wounded in action in Vietnam were also at risk for an inpatient admission with a psychiatric disorder. We also wish to examine the effect of the practice of returning psychiatric patients to duty upon completion of treatment on the relationship between combat exposure and psychiatric distress. Records of all hospital admissions for active-duty Marines for the period 1965 to 1972 were examined and personnel having a combat-related wound or injury and/or a psychiatric hospitalization were identified. Rates of first hospitalization were calculated and standardized incidence ratios were used to obtain measures of riskQtgjSults indicated that, compared with Marines not wounded in Vietnam, Marines wounded in Vietnam were at significant risk for having a psychiatric hospitalizatiqn\Most of the psychiatric first hospitalizations occurred before being wounded in action, however, and psychiatric patients who were treated and then returned to duty had a significantly greater than expected risk of being subsequently wounded. This risk differed with respect to psychiatric diagnosis due to variations in the practice of returning psychiatric patients to duty on the basis of primary diagnosis. Variations in the probability of being returned to duty also accounted for variations in the relative risk of psychiatric first hospitalizations among wounded Marines by diagnostic category. These results call into question the validity of using ratios of psychiatric casualties to numbers of wounded personnel as measures of the relationship between combat exposure and psychological distress.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Analysis of consecutive emergency referrals to a community mental hospital over a 2- month period indicates that admissions are affected by a combination of demographic, clinical, and time factors. Both referrals and admissions were slightly higher in men. The mean age at referral was 44 years and of admitted patients was 36 years. Although married subjects constituted the largest group of applicants, widowers and divorced people were hospitalized more often. Both referral and admission rates were inversely correlated with education and employment. Most of the applicants came to the emergency ward accompanied by an escort. A lower rate of admissions was observed among those who came unescorted. The main indications for admission were acute psychosis and a nonspecific clinical state when the patient was defined as “dangerous to himself or to others.” The family constituted the main source of referral. Peak referrals were during the morning hours, but admission rates were highest at night. Referrals decreased gradually from Sunday to Saturday, but the rate of admission was practically steady throughout the week. We conclude that the decisions for admitting a patient to a mental institute are based not only on pure psychiatric criteria, but also on an intuitive approach, in which the admitting physician's personal and emotional factors may play a role.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID