摘要:

The present study examines the psychological characteristics and self-reported responses to xenobiotic agents such as tobacco smoke and pesticide of normal young adults with personality traits similar to those claimed for Parkinsonian patients. Previous research, though controversial, has suggested that persons with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) have premorbid personality traits that may include shyness and repressive defensiveness. Other epidemiological evidence indicates that PD patients may have premorbidly increased prevalence of anxiety, affective, and/or somatoform disorders; decreased rates of smoking and alcohol consumption; and elevated exposure to herbicides or pesticides. A total of 783 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course completed the Cheek-Buss Scale (shyness), the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (defensiveness), Symptom Checklist 90 (revised), the Mastery Scale, a health history checklist, and rating scales for frequency of illness from alcohol and 10 common environmental chemicals. Subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of above-versus below-median scores on the Cheek-Buss and Marlowe-Crowne scales (persons high in shyness and defensiveness, those high only in shyness, those high only in defensiveness, and those low in both shyness and defensiveness). The group high in shyness but low in defensiveness had the highest, whereas the group low in shyness but high in defensiveness had the lowest, total scores on the SCL-90-R; the two shyest groups were lowest in sense of mastery. Similar to PD, the group high in both shyness and defensiveness overall reported the least number of smokers (10% vs. 19% in those high only in shyness, 17% in those high only in defensiveness, and 28% in those low in both traits,p< .001); differences within women largely accounted for this finding. Subjects higher in shyness and/or defensiveness rated themselves higher in frequency of illness from a small amount of alcohol than did those who were low in both shyness and defensiveness. The group who was high in both shyness and defensiveness tended to report the highest frequency of illness from pesticide as well as other xenobiotic odors (e.g., newsprint). Taken together with previous research, the findings suggest that certain young adults high in shyness, and especially those also high in defensiveness, may be among the subset of the population at increased risk for PD later in life.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of the study was to examine the role of several psychological risk factors-childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and its parameters, childhood physical abuse and its parameters, early separation or loss, and abnormal parental bonding-in male patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Subjects with personality disorders were divided into BPD (N = 61) and non-BPD (N = 60) groups. The risk factors were measured by a developmental interview and the Parental Bonding Index. The BPD group had a higher frequency of CSA, more severe CSA, a longer duration of physical abuse, increased rates of early separation or loss, and a higher paternal control score on the Parental Bonding Index. CSA and separation or loss were significant in the multivariate analysis. The risk factors suggest that trauma and loss, as well as problems with fathers, are important for the development of BPD in males.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the ability of seven patient characteristics to predict success (remaining, benefiting) in a day treatment program for psychiatric outpatients. The sample consisted of 165 patients, most with affective and personality disorders, who participated in an intensive psychodynamically and group-oriented program within a controlled clinical trial. Two patient personality characteristics (psychological mindedness, quality of object relations) emerged as the strongest predictors. Other variables that contributed to the predictions, either singly or in an interaction with quality of object relations, were age, marriage, presence of a personality disorder, and previous psychiatric hospitalization. The patient's initial level of symptomatic disturbance was not a significant predictor. The advantage of using predictors that are relevant to the theoretical and technical orientation of a program is emphasized.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A nonstratified random sample of 209 Khmer adolescents, ages 13 to 25, and a parent or guardian from two Western communities were interviewed to determine their diagnostic status following their survival of the Pol Pot War in Cambodia, from 1975 to 1979. Subjects were administered the posttraumatic stress disorder section of the Diagnostic Instrument for Children and Adolescents and selected sections of the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiologic Version, with the assistance of a Cambodian translator. Roughly one fifth of the adolescents, over one half of the mothers, and about one third of the fathers qualified for a current diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. There was high comorbidity with depression, but other forms of psychopathology were much less evident. The clinical importance of distinguishing prior trauma from other forms of cultural loss and resettlement stress is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study replicates an earlier naturalistic-prospective investigation of nontreatment, community DSM-III-R dysthymia subjects. Major goals were to determine spontaneous remission rates and monitor the stability of psychosocial functioning levels over time. Twenty-four dysthymia subjects were followed for 1 year. Three remissions (13%) were diagnosed at the final interview. At a 4-year diagnostic follow-up contact with the remitters only, one remitter had relapsed and two remained in remission. Subjects were monitored for depressive symptom intensity, personality functioning, general medical distress, cognitive functioning, coping stylistics, interpersonal functioning, quality of their social support resources, and general family functioning. Stable levels of psychosocial functioning were maintained across all measures over the 1-year period. Current psychometric findings confirm the conclusions of the earlier nontreatment prospective study that dysthymia is a chronic mood disorder with stable psychosocial features and is unlikely to remit spontaneously over time.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The primary goal of the study was to compare the psychosocial functioning of an untreated, community sample of DSM-III-R dysthymia subjects (N= 24) at screening to that of a matched sample of community nondepressed volunteers (N= 18) with no lifetime or current history of axis I disorders. Subjects were compared across a number of psychosocial indices. The dysthymics were found to be less sociable (introversion) and clinically high on neuroticism-instability, external in regard to their causal attributions, less stable for positive uncontrollable events and more stable and global for negative uncontrollable events, relying more on coping strategies such as wishful thinking and self-blame, more interpersonally submissive and hostile, and to have a poorer social support-resource network. In addition, the dysthymics reported more family dysfunction and a higher rate of negative major life events.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID