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1. |
Self-Complexity and the Persistence of Depression |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 393-399
ROBERT WOOLFOLK,
MICHAEL GARA,
TIMOTHY AMBROSE,
JAMES WILLIAMS,
LESLEY ALLEN,
SHERRI IRVIN,
JOHN BEAVER,
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摘要:
Self-complexity, a measure of the structure of cognition involving the self, was used to predict the persistence of depression in patients diagnosed with major depression. Self-descriptions offered by depressed patients were analyzed using a clustering algorithm to model cognitive structure. Indices of positive and negative self-complexity, derived from the resulting models, were used to predict depressive symptomatology 9 months after the onset of a major depression. Negative self-complexity uniquely predicted subsequent levels of depression even after the effects of initial levels of depression, self-evaluation, and dysfunctional attitudes were statistically removed. Highly complex negative self-representation appears to be associated with poor recovery from a major depressive episode. Future studies examining the relationship between cognition and psychopathology should investigate, in addition to its content, the formal and structural properties of cognition.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Experiences of Anger in People Who Have Recovered from Depression and Never-Depressed People |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 400-405
CINDY BRODY,
DAVID HAAGA,
LINDSEY KIRK,
ARI SOLOMON,
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摘要:
Previous research has linked anger suppression with depression. This study extended prior research by comparing people who had recovered from a major depression (RD) with those who had never been depressed (ND). The RD group significantly exceeded the ND group in the degree to which they reported holding anger in and being afraid to express it. Also, RD participants were more likely to endorse attitudes consistent with silencing the self theory, believing they must hide their feelings to preserve relationships. They were also more likely to have experienced an anger attack. Both silencing the self and a history of anger attacks were significantly correlated with fear of anger expression; future longitudinal or experimental studies are needed to determine whether these variables play a causal role in anger inhibition and in recurrence of depression.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
Efficacy of a Self-Esteem Module in the Empowerment of Individuals with Schizophrenia |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 406-413
TANIA LECOMTE,
MIREILLE CYR,
ALAIN LESAGE,
JOYCE WILDE,
CLAUDE LECLERC,
NICOLE RICARD,
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摘要:
To enhance empowerment and improve self-esteem among individuals with severe and persistent mental illness, a 12-week "module" (a self-contained program of activities) was created and tested in a randomized clinical trial. Fifty-one individuals with schizophrenia were assigned to the experimental group in addition to regular treatment, and 44 individuals participated in a control group that continued with regular treatment only. Psychosocial, diagnostic, neurocognitive, and symptomatology measures were taken for all 95 subjects before treatment (T0), after treatment (T1), and at a 6-month follow-up (T2). Results indicated module effects on coping skills (active coping skills significantly increased) and psychotic symptoms (positive symptoms significantly decreased), demonstrating the efficacy of this particular type of intervention. Interpretation of the results highlighted the significance of the environment and the role it could potentially play in supporting the empowerment of severely mentally ill individuals.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
Relations between Cognitive and Symptom Profile Heterogeneity in Schizophrenia |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 414-419
BRENT SEATON,
DANIEL ALLEN,
GERALD GOLDSTEIN,
MARY KELLEY,
DANIEL van KAMMEN,
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摘要:
Although numerous studies have consistently revealed cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia, the relationships between such heterogeneity and clinical phenomenology are not clear. Clusters derived from cognitive heterogeneity studies may or may not be associated with symptom profile or severity of illness. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cognitive heterogeneity and demographic and clinical phenomenological measures. We examined cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia by empirically deriving clusters of patients based upon WAIS-R subtest scores and then analyzed the way in which these clusters related to demographic and symptom variables and to DSM-III-R diagnostic subtypes. Four cognitive clusters were identified that were consistent with previous research. These clusters were differentiated on the basis of educational level and occupational status but not on the basis of symptom profile, severity, or DSM-III-R subtypes. Results suggest that cognitive measures are independent of severity of the disorder and phenomenological symptom presentation in these subgroups of schizophrenic patients.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
Is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Underdiagnosed in Routine Clinical Settings? |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 420-428
MARK ZIMMERMAN,
JILL MATTIA,
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摘要:
The goal of the present study was to examine whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is underrecognized in routine clinical practice. One thousand patients were evaluated at the Rhode Island Hospital Department of Psychiatry outpatient practice. The first 500 patients completed a psychiatric diagnostic screening questionnaire that included a PTSD subscale. The next 500 individuals were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). In the first 500 patients, 36 (7.2%) patients were diagnosed by their clinicians with PTSD and an additional 18.6% of the sample screened positive on the questionnaire but were not diagnosed with PTSD. The patients who were diagnosed with PTSD and the patients who screened positive but were not given the diagnosis were significantly younger, had lower GAF scores, and less frequently graduated from college than the non-PTSD group. The frequency of suicidal thoughts was identical in the two PTSD groups and twice as high as the frequency in the non-PTSD group. Scores on 9 of the other 12 psychopathology dimensions assessed by the screening questionnaire were significantly higher in the two PTSD groups than the non-PTSD group. In the 500 patients interviewed with the SCID the prevalence of PTSD was two times higher than in the 500 patients diagnosed with an unstructured clinical interview (14.4%vs.7.2%). The difference in prevalence rates of PTSD between the SCID and clinical samples was significant when considering PTSD as an additional diagnosis; there was no difference in prevalence rates when restricting the analysis to principal diagnoses. The results of this study suggest that PTSD is frequently overlooked in routine clinical practice when symptoms of PTSD are not the presenting complaint.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Quality of Life in Patients with Panic Disorder |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 429-434
PHILIP CANDILIS,
RENÉE MCLEAN,
MICHAEL OTTO,
GISELE MANFRO,
JOHN WORTHINGTON,
SUSAN PENAVA,
PATRICIA MARZOL,
MARK POLLACK,
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摘要:
In this study we assessed the quality of life of patients with panic disorder, with particular attention to the influence of anxiety and depression comorbidity on quality of life. Findings were compared with established general population norms as well as norms for patients with chronic medical conditions and major depression. The Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was administered to panic disorder patients entering clinical trials or treatment in an outpatient anxiety disorders program. Subjects were 73 consecutive patients with a primary diagnosis of panic disorder without current substance abuse or contributory medical illness. Their quality of life scores were compared with population mean estimates using single-samplet-tests, and the influence of comorbidity was examined with between-group comparisons. All SF-36 mental and physical health subscale scores were worse in patients with panic disorder than in the general population. This was true regardless of the presence of comorbid anxiety or mood disorders, although the presence of the comorbid conditions worsened select areas of functioning according to subscale analyses. SF-36 scores in panic patients were at approximately the same level as patients with major depression and tended to be worse in specific areas than patients with select medical conditions. This study provides evidence of the pervasive negative effects of panic disorder on both mental and physical health.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
Minor Stressors and Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Low-Income Patients Attending Primary Care Clinics |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 435-440
PHILLIP BRANTLEY,
DANIEL MEHAN,
STEVEN AMES,
GLENN JONES,
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摘要:
The total number of minor life events and subjective ratings of distress associated with these events were assessed for individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and for nonanxious controls. Participants consisted of 256 randomly selected, low-income patients from primary care medical clinics. Diagnoses were obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for the DSM-IV (DIS-IV). An analysis of variance revealed that GAD individuals reported significantly more minor life events than did nonanxious controls (F= 50.97,p< .001). An analysis of covariance indicated that persons with GAD perceived their minor stressors as significantly more stressful than did nonanxious controls, even after the total number of events was controlled (F= 42.07,p< .001). These findings are consistent with cognitive theories of GAD and current revisions to the definition of the disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Implications for theory and research on GAD are discussed.
ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
A Pilot Trial of Treatment Changes according to Schizophrenic Patients' Wishes |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 441-443
Stefan Priebe,
Thomas Gruyters,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
Acute Stress Disorder across Trauma Populations |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 443-446
Allison Harvey,
Richard Bryant,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
Psychiatric Detection of Exaggeration in Reports of Memory Impairment |
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The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
Volume 187,
Issue 7,
1999,
Page 446-448
Daniel Costa,
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ISSN:0022-3018
出版商:OVID
年代:1999
数据来源: OVID
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