摘要:

Self-mutilation (SM), the deliberate, nonsuicidal destruction of one's own body tissue, occurs in such culturally sanctioned practices as tattooing; body piercing; and healing, spiritual, and order-preserving rituals. As a symptom, it has typically been regarded as a manifestation of borderline behavior and misidentified as a suicide attempt. It has begun to attract mainstream media attention, and many more who suffer from it are expected to seek treatment. This review suggests that SM can best be understood as a morbid self-help effort providing rapid but temporary relief from feelings of depersonalization, guilt, rejection, and boredom as well as hallucinations, sexual preoccupations, and chaotic thoughts. Major SM includes infrequent acts such as eye enucleation and castration, commonly associated with psychosis and intoxication. Stereotypic SM includes such acts as head banging and self-biting most often accompanying Tourette's syndrome and severe mental retardation. Superficial/moderate SM includes compulsive acts such as trichotillomania and skin picking and such episodic acts as skin-cutting and burning, which evolve into an axis I syndrome of repetitive impulse dyscontrol with protean symptoms.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Standard family history and family study methods were used with 650 first- and 1174 second-degree biological relatives of 133 adolescents who were studied initially 6 to 8 years ago. They included 69 prepubertal children considered at risk for suicidal behavior and 64 prepubertal children selected from the community. This study aimed to identify relationships between family psychopathology and adolescents' lifetime history of suicidal states. Family discord, suicide attempts of mother, and substance abuse of mothers and fathers were significantly more prevalent among adolescents with lifetime history of a suicide attempt. Mothers' and fathers' substance abuse was associated with adolescents' lifetime history of suicidal ideation. Results highlight importance of evaluating and treating family psychopathology to reduce risk for youth suicidal states.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It has become increasingly important to identify torture survivors among subgroups of the American population and to assess the continuing health effects of torture experience. To determine whether survey questionnaires can be effectively used to make such assessments, we reviewed the recent literature on refugee health, on the measurement and treatment of trauma, and in the related areas of survey methodology and cognitive psychology. We conclude that, if properly conducted, the survey approach represents an effective method, and we propose specific recommendations concerning procedures that may be used in surveys of torture survivors to maximize study validity.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study investigated the correlates of change in behavioral disturbance in geropsychiatric inpatients with dementia. It was hypothesized that improvement in specific psychiatric symptoms, such as psychosis and depression, contribute to the improvement of specific behavioral disturbances. All admissions between October 1993 and May 1995 were reviewed to identify those patients admitted to the Houston VA geropsychiatry unit with a diagnosis of dementia; 233 patients were included in the study. Improvement in behavioral disturbance symptoms was associated with decreases in depression, thought disorder, and hostility. However, the relative importance of depressive and psychotic symptoms varied depending upon the type of behavioral disturbance examined. These results may support a focused approach employing therapies specific to the type of behavioral disturbance.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We translated the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale into Korean, paying careful attention to culturally different modes of expression of depressive feelings and thoughts. The final translated version (CES-D-K) was administered to 164 psychiatric patients and 464 normal subjects residing in the community. Reliability, validity, and the optimal cutoff point of this scale were estimated, including ROC analysis. The CES-D-K was reliable and valid for the Korean population. Two optimal cutoff points were suggested: 24/25, the point which best corresponded to the clinical diagnosis of depression, and 20/21, which most effectively detects and covers depressive symptoms during screening. The higher cutoff points than those in Western countries may be due to different ways of expressing affect, especially the suppression of positive affect, in cultures based on Confucian ethics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To measure the extent to which anxiety disorders interfere with various domains of functioning, the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale (IIRS) was completed by individuals with a DSM-IV principal diagnosis of panic disorder (PD;N= 35), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD;N= 51), or social phobia (SP;N= 49). Although the three groups did not differ on total IIRS scores, group differences did emerge for particular domains of functioning. Patients with OCD reported significantly more interference with respect to passive recreation (e.g.,reading) than did SP patients and with respect to religious expression compared with both PD and SP patients. Patients with SP reported more impairment with respect to social relationships and self-expression/self-improvement, compared with the other two groups. When compared with populations with a variety of other chronic illnesses, patients in the present study reported much higher levels of illness intrusiveness. The implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1998

数据来源: OVID