ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The evidence supporting the existence of panic disorder as a distinct clinical entity is critically examined, as are the current criteria for panic disorder in DSM-III. It is argued that the current definition of a panic attack is imprecise and that the borders and overlap of panic disorder with other psychiatric disorders raise broader questions as to what is meant by a distinct psychiatric disorder. DSM-III “panic disorder” defines an ideal type that may be more relevant for research purposes than clinical. In defining fairly homogeneous “pure” cases, it overlooks the prevalence and importance of atypical “mixed” and subsyndromal cases.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A self-referred and recruited panic disorder-agoraphobic study population are compared in terms of their symptomatic presentation and treatment outcome. The recruited group was found to be more symptomatically severe, more phobic, less character disordered, and more likely to stay in treatment. Implications for the potential methodological biases in recruiting study populations are explored.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Five years after treatment in a controlled trial, in which all had received self-exposure homework, a group of 40 agoraphobic outpatients retained marked improvement in agoraphobia, mood, and free-floating anxiety. Frequency of spontaneous panics decreased as much in those who had placebo and self-exposure as in those who received imipramine and self-exposure. Few patients, however, were completely well at 5 years and over half had received further treatment for agoraphobia during the follow-up. Patients who were still highly phobic at the end of the clinical trial were more often prescribed psychotropic medication during follow-up and remained phobic at 5 years. Phobic improvement had generalized more in those patients with very low than in those with moderate pretreatment Hamilton depression scores. Frequency of initial spontaneous panics did not predict outcome. Improvement in agoraphobia was associated with improved marital adjustment. Those who began with the best marital, work, and social adjustment were more improved in their phobias 5 years later.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of a pet on cardiovascular responses of college students was examined under three test conditions (i.e., reading aloud, reading quietly, and interacting with an unknown dog). A repeated-measures analysis with three covariates was used to examine the effect of the treatment on each of six dependent variables (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and State and Trait Anxiety). Reading aloud differed from baseline measures under all treatment conditions (p<.001) Reading quietly and interacting with a pet were slightly below baseline for all dependent variables with a slightly greater effect by reading quietly than interacting with a pet. Examination of interactions between variables revealed no significant differences. Effects on State anxiety level mirrored cardiovascular responses (p<.001). Trait anxiety levels remained relatively constant throughout the treatments.Results indicated that interacting with a pet does affect physiological and psychological responses by lowering response levels. A parallel effect was also demonstrated by reading quietly. Given the effect of pet interaction upon selected indicators of health in well college students, these data suggest the relevance of examining this treatment with an “at-risk” group.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Family burden and coping strategies were investigated in 84 experienced mental health professionals with family members suffering from chronic major mental illnesses. The sample was nationally recruited from ads in professional journals. Personal reactions of respondents involved cognitive and attitudinal changes in conceptions of psychotic disorders and guarded relations with colleagues with respect to self-disclosure and case involvement. Financial and emotional burdens were substantial, with ongoing stressful life events, aversive patient behaviors, and poor treatment histories. In rating family coping strategies, mental health professionals showed a high degree of concordance with nonprofessional family members in assigning priority to education on symptoms, medications, and patient management techniques. Involvement with self-help groups and physical separation from patients were rated higher than individual or family therapy as aids in coping for families of the mentally ill.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To compare the prevalence of eating disorders in lower income vs. upper income communities, we administered a previously validated questionnaire to 394 women at nine state-regulated bingo tournaments. Surprisingly, eating disorders were more commonly reported by lower income respondents.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The dual diagnoses of alcoholism and antisocial personality are frequently associated with suicide attempts. A group of 94 alcoholics with antisocial personality were divided on the basis of a previous suicide attempt. A variety of symptoms, including depression, alcohol and drug abuse, conduct disorder, and violence were found more frequently in the suicide attempter group as reported on the structured interview. These emotional problems were additionally found to have an earlier onset. The results were consistent with the concept of secondary sociopathy and indicated that higher psychopathology may be associated with suicide behavior.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A patient is described with operationally diagnosed chronic schizophrenia who simultaneously experienced repeated “attacks” during which times he had intense apprehension and autonomic hyperactivity entirely similar to that usually described under the rubric of “panic attacks” in nonschizophrenic patients. Delusional and hallucinatory symptoms were also transiently exacerbated during these episodes. Alprazolam, as an adjunct to fluphenazine decanoate, was effective in ameliorating these symptoms. Diagnostic and treatment implications are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pulmonary infection with a rare atypical mycobacterium, Mycobacterium xenopi, was discovered during the treatment of anorexia nervosa in a 21-year-old woman without preexisting pulmonary disease. Psychiatric treatment resulted in restoration of premorbid weight in the presence of active pulmonary disease and treatment with isoniazid and rifampin. Ethambutol was added for the final 12 months of the 18-month treatment course. Thirty-two-month follow-up indicated continued remission of both illnesses. Concurrence ofM. xenopiinfection and anorexia nervosa has not been previously reported

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID