ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although fear of death has been linked to hypochondriasis, the relationship of this fear to the disorder has received little study. To address this deficiency, we administered a fear of death scale along with measures of hypochondriasis, including the Whiteley Index and Somatic Symptom Inventory, to 162 general medical outpatients. Partial correlations, controlling for age, between the fear of death scale and both the Whiteley Index and Somatic Symptom Inventory were strongly positive. A factor analysis of the fear of death scale yielded three dimensions—fear of dying, loss of meaning, and fear of separation—that were also highly correlated with hypochondriasis. Fear of death and hypochondriasis showed comparable relationships to age and gender as well as to personality dimensions measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Fear of death appears to be an integral part of hypochondriasis. Its presence lends support to three models of hypochondriasis—the perceptual, existential, and interpersonal—that correspond to the dimensions of fear of death.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The association between trauma and personality disorders (PDs), while receiving much attention and debate, has not been comprehensively examined for multiple types of trauma and PDs. The authors examined data from a multisite study of four PD groups: schizotypal, borderline (BPD), avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive, and a major depression comparison group. Rates of traumatic exposure to specific types of trauma, age of first trauma onset, and rates of posttraumatic stress disorder are compared. Results indicate that BPD participants reported the highest rate of traumatic exposure (particularly to sexual traumas, including childhood sexual abuse), the highest rate of posttraumatic stress disorder, and youngest age of first traumatic event. Those with the more severe PDs (schizotypal, BPD) reported more types of traumatic exposure and higher rates of being physically attacked (childhood and adult) when compared to other groups. These results suggest a specific relationship between BPD and sexual trauma (childhood and adult) that does not exist among other PDs. In addition, they support an association between severity of PD and severity of traumatic exposure, as indicated by earlier trauma onset, trauma of an assaultive and personal nature, and more types of traumatic events.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is proposed that poor insight in schizophrenia may be explained by neuropsychological dysfunction and linked to the negative syndrome, which in turn may be related to structural neurological impairment. This study tested the hypothesis that poor insight is related to global neuropsychological impairment and negative symptoms in 89 patients with chronic schizophrenia. No significant association was found between total insight and cognitive impairment. When the dimensions of insight—treatment compliance, awareness of illness, and symptom attribution—were analyzed separately, symptom misattribution was modestly correlated with frontal impairment. However, in subsequent multiple regression analyses, cognitive impairment failed to be a significant predictor of this or any other dimension of insight. Symptoms, particularly positive ones, accounted for approximately one quarter of the variance in symptom misattribution and the total insight score. These results suggest that neuropsychological functioning cannot account for the variance in insight, and that only one quarter of the variance in symptom misattribution can be explained by symptomatology. Future research could also address the role of psychosocial factors in modulating the expression of insight.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An association between deficit schizophrenia and summer birth has previously been reported. The authors attempted to replicate this association in a population-based study of incident cases of psychosis in the autonomous region of Cantabria, in northern Spain. Schizophrenia patients were categorized into deficit (N= 22) and nondeficit (N= 55) groups, and the pattern in the two groups was compared. After accounting for the variance due to disorganization, hallucinations and delusions, and demographic variables, deficit schizophrenia had a significant association with summer birth; this association did not depend on a single definition of summer. For instance, among the deficit patients, 59% were born from May to August, in contrast to 18% of nondeficit patients and 34% of the general population. These results confirm the association between summer birth in the Northern Hemisphere and deficit as opposed to nondeficit schizophrenia. The existence of a different risk factor for the two groups suggests a difference in etiology and pathophysiology.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that the sensed presence, the feeling of a proximal sentient being, can be evoked within the laboratory. Under double-blind conditions, 48 university men and women were exposed to weak (100 nT to 1 &mgr;T), complex, pulsed magnetic fields that were applied primarily over the right temporoparietal region, primarily over the left temporoparietal region, or equally across both hemispheres (one treatment per group) for 20 minutes while wearing opaque goggles in a very quiet room. A fourth group was exposed to a sham-field condition. Subjects who received greater stimulation over the right hemisphere or equal stimulation across both hemispheres reported more frequent incidences of presences, fears, and odd smells than did the subjects who received greater stimulation over the left hemisphere or who were exposed to the sham-field condition. The results suggest that the sensed presence is subject to experimental manipulation. This experimental procedure could be employed to explore the idea that the experience of a sensed presence is a resident property of the human brain and may be the fundamental source for phenomena attributed to visitations by gods, spirits, and other ephemeral phenomena.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The aim of this study was to test the validity of a computer software program previously demonstrated to be capable of making DSM-IV neuropsychiatric diagnoses from the content analysis of speech or verbal texts. In this report, the computer program was applied to three personal writings of Napoleon Bonaparte when he was 12 to 16 years of age. The accuracy of the neuropsychiatric evaluations derived from the computerized content analysis of these writings of Napoleon was independently corroborated by two biographers who have described pertinent details concerning his life situations, moods, and other emotional reactions during this adolescent period of his life. The relevance of this type of computer technology to psychohistorical research and clinical psychiatry is suggested.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID