摘要:

The influence of temperament on substance abuse in schizophrenia is poorly understood, whereas it is known to play an important role in other clinical populations. In a sample of 28 male schizophrenics, Cloninger's dimensions of temperament were measured with the use of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). Levels of four commonly used substances were recorded. There was a significant correlation between the novelty-seeking dimension and past use of alcohol, cannabis, and caffeine and current use of caffeine and nicotine. There was no relationship between substance use and clinical symptoms or demographic variables. The possible implications of abnormal mean TPQ scores in the sample as well as a weak correlation between symptom patterns and TPQ scores are discussed. The findings suggest that novelty-seeking type behaviors contribute to substance use in schizophrenia.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Opiate-dependent patients (N= 231), classified by sedative disorder status, were characterized according to DSM-IIIR on substance use and psychiatric disorders. Twenty-one percent currently (CUR+) had sedative use disorder, 39% had a history (HX+) of sedative use disorder, and 40% had no history (HX-) of this disorder. Several group differences were found. The HX+ and CUR+ groups had more lifetime drug use disorders (means = 4.5 and 4.3vs.3.2 in the HX- group), including alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, cocaine, and hallucinogens. In contrast, other psychiatric disorders (e.g.,anxiety and depression) were low in prevalence and did not differ across groups, with the exception of a higher prevalence of antisocial personality disorder in the HX+ and CUR+ groups (39.6% and 38.5%vs.17.9% in HX- group). The results suggest that sedative use disorder is related more to a severe spectrum of multiple substance abuse than it is to self-medication of underlying mood or anxiety disorders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the effects of integrating mental health, substance abuse, and housing interventions for homeless persons with co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder. With the use of a quasi-experimental design, integrated treatment was compared with standard treatment for 217 homeless, dually diagnosed adults over an 18-month period. The integrated treatment group had fewer institutional days and more days in stable housing, made more progress toward recovery from substance abuse, and showed greater improvement of alcohol use disorders than the standard treatment group. Abuse of drugs other than alcohol (primarily cocaine) improved similarly for both groups. Secondary outcomes, such as psychiatric symptoms, functional status, and quality of life, also improved for both groups, with minimal group differences favoring integrated treatment.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Drug abuse counseling was enhanced by node-link mapping, a visual representation technique, and evaluated in a posttreatment follow-up study. Clients randomly assigned to receive mapping counseling reported less criminal activity 12 months after treatment than did clients in the standard counseling condition. It was also found that among clients staying less than 6 months in treatment, those in the mapping group had fewer urine samples that tested positive for opiates at follow-up. Thus, mapping-enhanced counseling may be especially beneficial for clients who leave treatment prematurely.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The hypothesis of a distinctive content pattern of worry in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was investigated with the use of content categorization of GAD versus nonanxious control worries from both clinical and analogue samples. The GAD groups reported significantly more worry topics than the control groups. Some similarity in content patterns emerged across groups, with the most frequent content category for all groups involving family/interpersonal issues. However, a significant difference in the pattern of relative frequencies across groups was found: GAD was characterized by equally high relative frequencies for miscellaneous and work/school worries, whereas control groups had higher relative frequencies for work/school concerns and lower relative frequencies for miscellaneous worries. The miscellaneous worries of GAD individuals were particularly characterized by worry about minor/routine issues. These findings support DSM-IV descriptions of GAD as involving pervasive worry that includes worry about minor things.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A recent survey of psychiatric research indicates religion has been given little attention, and when it has been considered, the measures have been simplistic. The present study was designed to describe the religious needs and resources of psychiatric in-patients. With the use of a multidimensional conception of religion and two established instruments, 51 adult psychiatric inpatients were surveyed about their religious needs and resources. For comparison, 50 general medical/surgical patients, matched for age and gender, were also surveyed. Eight-eight percent of the psychiatric patients reported three or more current religious needs. Although there were no differences in religious needs between the two patient groups, there were significant differences in religious resources. Psychiatric patients had lower spiritual well-being scores and were less likely to have talked with their clergy. Religion is important for the psychiatric patients, but they may need assistance to find resources to address their religious needs.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Near-death experiences (NDEs) often produce profound changes in attitudes and behavior that can lead to psychosocial and psychospiritual problems. The diagnostic label of religious or spiritual problem, included in DSM-IV under the category of other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention, was originally proposed to encompass NDEs and their aftereffects. Four cases are discussed in which patients presented with NDE-related problems, and differential diagnosis and current treatment strategies are reviewed. The inclusion of this new diagnostic category in the DSM-IV permits differentiation of NDEs and similar experiences from mental disorders and may lead to research into more effective treatment strategies.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the familial aggregation of alcoholism in subgroups of respondents classified with respect to the primary-secondary distinction as it is related to DSM-IV major depression and alcohol use disorders. Rates of alcoholism among specific first- and second-degree relatives of male and female probands with primary, secondary, and concurrent depression (i.e.,the comorbid groups) and with major depression only were compared with one another and with a normal control group. The results of this general population survey that uses a large representative sample of the U.S. were at variance with some findings from the clinical literature with regard to familial aggregation. Greater rates of alcoholism were found among first- and second-degree relatives of the major depression only group compared with normal controls. Male and female probands of all three comorbid groups were not shown to convey a greater risk of alcoholism to their offspring compared with the normal control group or the major depression only group. The discrepancy between clinical research findings and those of this general population study were discussed in terms of methodological considerations.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID