ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recently, a 52-item self-report questionnaire, called the Borderline Syndrome Index (BSI), was developed to provide a rapid clinical assessment of the borderline syndrome (Conte, H. R., Plutchik, R., Karasu, T. B., and Jerrett, I. A self-report borderline scale: Discriminative validity and preliminary norms. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 768: 428–435, 1980). The present investigation addresses the question of the applicability of this test instrument over the full range of borderline syndrome psychopathology, as defined by DSM-III diagnostic criteria, as well as the relationship of various demographic, treatment, and personality variables to total scale scores. The final sample consisted of 51 patients meeting DSM-III diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder, 14 patients with DSM-III defined schizotypal personality disorder, 17 patients meeting DSM-III diagnostic criteria for borderline and schizotypal personality disorder, 30 CATEGO-defined early schizophrenics (first psychotic episode within the past 2 years), and 20 normal control subjects. All patient groups scored significantly higher than the normal group on the BSI, and each borderline syndrome group was discriminable from the early schizophrenic group but not from each other. None of the demographic variables correlated significantly with BSI total scores. Treatment variables were somewhat related to total scores, and it is suggested that chronicity rather than severity of disturbance may strongly affect performance on the BSI. Principal component analysis of BSI items, as well as high correlations between scores on the BSI and almost every scale on the MMPI, suggests that the BSI may be tapping a general, rather than specific, dimension of psychopathology. This dimension might best be described as a generalized deficiency in coping with life, with resultant feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. While the present study provides some support for the discriminative validity of the measure, further evidence for the validity of the BSI as a specific measure of borderline syndrome psychopathology is clearly indicated before its widespread implementation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The literature on hallucinatory experiences of hostage victims is reviewed. The phenomenology is examined in 30 case studies involving 31 persons, including ex-prisoners of war and victims of rape, kidnapping, terrorism, robbery, and “UFO abductions.” The victims were subjected to conditions of isolation, visual deprivation, restraint on physical movement, physical abuse, and the threat of death. For eight victims, these conditions were sufficient to produce a progression of visual hallucinations from simple geometric images to complex memory images coupled with dissociation. The other 23 victims, subjected to similar conditions but without isolationandlife-threatening stress, resulting from the threat of death, did not experience hallucinations. The hostage hallucinations are compared to those resulting from sensory deprivation, near fatal accidents, and other states of isolation and stress. A common mechanism of action based on entoptic phenomena and CNS excitation and arousal is suggested.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Alarcon, Dickinson, and Dohn (J. Nerv. Ment. Dis.,170: 217–223, 1982) recently reviewed the phenomenon of memory flashback following use of hallucinogenic drugs. They point out that while there are a considerable number of explanations concerning the flashback mechanism, little is known about the real causes. This paper examines flashback following drug ingestion in the light of other memory phenomena concerned with “cued retrieval” effects. Such phenomena may include dream recall, delayed post-traumatic stress, mood influence on memory, and drug effects on memory. Rather than view flashbacks as “pathological” in some sense, it may be better to view them as instances of normal memory processes, which may, nevertheless, be accompanied by emotional distress. Such a view relates flashbacks to a wider memory literature, and also makes them amenable to investigation using research designs derived from that literature.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Forty-seven psychiatric inpatients, including 26 schizophrenics and 21 nonschizophrenics, were measured on four clinical factors (chronicity, premorbid adjustment, reported symptomatology, and diagnosis) and four indices of reaction time (RT) performance (mean RT, RT variance, and redundancy-associated deficit [RAD] at 3− and 7-second preparatory intervals [PIs]). Each clinical factor was analyzed in turn as a dependent variable in multiple regression analyses. The RT indices comprised the predictor set in each multiple regression. RAD at 7-second PI is related to chronicity for psychiatric patients in general and for schizophrenic patients in particular. Diagnosis and premorbid adjustment are related primarily to mean RT. No evidence was found that RAD is an artifact of high intertrial variance or long RT latencies, but intertrial variance does play a role in moderating the implications of RAD. The different correlations within schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic groups suggest a) that the Elgin Scale has a different meaning when used with schizophrenics than with nonschizophrenics, and b) that it is not useful to treat schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic disorders on the same continuum. The results in general suggest that the vulnerability factor thought to be associated with RAD militates for greater chronicity across different types of patients. The RAD effect within schizophrenics is nevertheless relatively greater than within other patients.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In order to evaluate the effect of lateralization of epileptogenic lesions on mood changes (depression-mania) and anxiety (state and trait), twenty patients with complex partial seizures and nineteen controls were assessed with depression scales (Beck, Columbia M-D) and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. Nine patients had left temporal foci, eight had right foci, as assessed by the side of seizure onset during closed-circuit television-EEG telemetry recording. Left patients scored significantly higher than both right and control groups on depression and trait anxiety. Our results are consistent with those of previous reports on patients with localized epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic lesions. Patients with left side involvement seem more prone to experience dysphoric changes and depressive symptoms than those with right involvement.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sleep latencies, within night awakenings, and lengths of sleep of 50− to 70-year-old males and females were analyzed using a categorical procedure. Subjects were assigned to qualitatively distinct categories. The data indicate that tendencies toward sleep disturbances along these dimensions are independent but increasing across this age range. There were disproportionately large numbers of females with long latencies and males with higher amounts of awakenings.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A method is presented for measuring the activities of case management in the care of the severely mentally disabled in catchmented public community mental health systems. Two variants of the method were compared, interviewing case managers and record abstracting. The methods were tested in two community mental health center (CMHC) sites, and appear to yield comparable results. The record abstract method seems workable for retrospective examination of case management in a CMHC system, and for the comparison of case management in different systems.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is considerable disagreement about the relationship between borderline personality disorder and the affective disorders. The authors report the results of a study of the relationship between dexamethasone suppression and depressive subtype in hospitalized depressed borderline patients. Twenty-three patients met research criteria for unipolar major depressive episode without psychosis of at least moderate severity. Thirteen patients also met criteria for borderline personality disorder. Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results showed no significant correlation with either melancholia or borderline personality disorder alone. However, of the 13 borderlines, eight failed to suppress and six of those eight were not melancholic. The authors conclude that abnormal response to dexamethasone in nonmelancholic borderlines casts some doubt on the specificity of the DST for melancholia.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID