ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present commentary is built about a distinction between the study of psychotropic medications which had their origins in serendipitous discovery and a deductive psychopharmacology which strives to build a body of knowledge by the reciprocal processes of inference and deductive investigations. The attempt to generate concepts which base their clinical pertinence on scientific rigor is seen to be handicapped by the fact that the meaning of a clinical investigation is dependent upon the invcstigational procedures followed. The achievements and the frustrations in this field are illustrated by reference to studies of the catecholaminc hypothesis of affective disorder.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lumbar cercbrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) have been measured following probenccid administration in psychiatric patients. Values obtained probably reflect composite rates of formation of these acid monoamine metabolites at various sites within the central nervous system. Both absolute values for 5-HIAA and HVA and the 5-HIAA to HVA ratio are helpful in the interpretation of results. There seems to be an increase in the absolute level of baseline or probenecid-induced concentrations of these metabolites in older subjects which may be due to an increase in monoamine oxidasc activity with age.In a group of unipolar depressives (no history of mania) prctreatment values for CSF 5-HIAA were not different from controls while CSF HVA was increased leading to a somewhat decreased 5-HIAA to HVA ratio.Treatment with amitryptyline led to significant reductions in 5-HIAA and the 5-HIAA to HVA ratio.In a group of bipolar patients (history of mania) pretrcatment values for both metabolites were decreased compared to controls. The values for the 5-HIAA to HVA ratio were somewhat elevated.In a group of atypical depressives treated with phenclzinc, CSF 5-HIAA and HVA values were consistent with the presence of central monoamine oxidase inhibition.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The results of this preliminary study suggest that in depressions, the probenecid test is of predictive value with regard to efficacy of treatment with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) precursors. Although the number of patients investigated is small, the results do suggest that 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) benefits depressed patients showing a subnormal cercbrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid response to probenecid. The relevant implications of these data are that: a) 5-HT deficiency is etiopathogenic in some depressions; b) the probenecid test can be of diagnostic value in such patients; and c) 5-HT precursors, specifically 5-HTP, may be an effective treatment modality in such individuals.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Relationships of treatment, symptom display, and catecholamine (CA) excretion are reported in the context of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) administration to various types of psychiatric disorders. Data consisted of mean effects on selected groups before and after treatment and of longitudinal case study material with each treatment modality.Group data revealed that 8 of 10 manic patients displayed increased dopamine (DA) excretion at the height of their manic phases. Following stabilization with Li2CO3, the excretion of urinary DA for the group returned to normal output. In the manic phase of a single manic-depressive case treated with Li2CO3, both norepinephrine (NE) and DA excretions were elevated above normal levels before and during 2 weeks of lithium treatment. Increase in urinary DA was comparatively greater and persisted during the initial 2 weeks of lithium therapy. Normal levels of DA excretion were found following “stabilization.” There was little relationship between the intensity of the manic state, in terms of ratings on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and the extent of increase in CA excretion.Regarding ECT, data for separate groups of 7 and 8 patients, respectively, revealed a tendency for DA and homovanillic (HVA) excretion (the latter determined for the first group only) to increase following ECT exposure, a finding more consistently reflected in the change scores of patients originally considered depressed. In the series of DA and HVA determinations obtained on a retarded-depressed case prior to and during a course of nine ECT sessions, DA excretion increased 4-fold following the first ECT session. Following the fifth and ninth ECT sessions, DA excretion was at a high normal level. Similar, though less demonstrable, changes were obtained for urinary HVA.The results are discussed with reference to available information regarding the relationship of urinary DA excretion to mood and movement disorders.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a series of experiments in rats, acute or short term (3 days) administration of lithium chloride was observed to increase the turnover of norepinephrine in the brain, as evidenced by the more rapid disappearance of intracisternally administered norepinephrine-8H from brain. Further findings from these experiments suggest that the increase in norepinephrine turnover produced by lithium occurs as a result of enhanced intraneuronal release, rather than extraneuronal discharge, of norepinephrine. In a longitudinal investigation of a manic patient studied prior to treatment with lithium carbonate and for more than 6 months during treatment, a transient increase in the urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), lasting several days, was observed at the onset of lithium administration; however, over the subsequent course of treatment with lithium carbonate, there was a gradual decrease in the excretion of MHPG as well as norepinephrine, normetanephrine, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA). These basic and clinical findings, taken in conjunction with observations of other investigators, suggest that the long term effects of lithium on norepinephrine turnover are different from the short term effects, and that a transient increase in norepinephrine turnover may be observed only during the initial phase of lithium administration.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Iprindole, a clinically effective antidepressant drug, does not inhibit the amine uptake pump in rat brain or in human vascular tissue measured indirectly through norepinephrine (NE) or tyramine pressure studies. Lithium reduces the NE pressor response in man.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1974

数据来源: OVID