摘要:

To characterize the effects of trauma sustained more than 40 years ago, prevalence of psychiatric disorders and personality dimensions were examined in a sample of 62 former World War II POWs. The negative effects of their experiences are reflected in their multiple lifetime diagnoses and in their current personality profiles. Fifty percent met DSM-III posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria within 1 year of release; 18 (29%) continued to meet the criteria 40 years later at examination (chronic PTSD). A lifetime diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder was found for over half the entire sample; in 42% of those who never had PTSD, 38% of those with recovery from PTSD, and 94% of those with chronic PTSD. Ten percent of those without a PTSD diagnosis had experienced a depressive disorder, as had 23% of those with recovery from PTSD and 61% of the POWs with chronic PTSD. The combination of depressive and anxiety disorders also was frequent in the total sample (61%). Current MMPIs of three groups with psychiatric diagnoses were compared with those of POWs who had no diagnoses and with a group of Minnesota normal men. Profile elevations for the groups, from highest to lowest, were: POWs with chronic PTSD, POWs with recovery from PTSD, POWs with other psychiatric diagnoses, POWs with no disorders, and Minnesota normal men. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and somatic concerns combined with the personality styles of suppression and denial characterize the current adjustment of negatively affected POWs.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-two patients with personality disorder diagnoses were randomly assigned to two treatment conditions that vary on several techniques of brief dynamic psychotherapy. Seventeen patients constituted a waiting list control group.The two brief psychotherapies showed significant improvement on target complaints, SCL-90, and Social Adjustment Scale-SR compared with the control subjects. The two therapy groups were similar in overall outcome but showed interesting differences on several subscale measures. Process measurements of videotaped sessions revealed significant variations in frequencies of therapist interventions across the two treatment conditions, which validated planned differences in the treatment techniques.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An experiment is described in which deluded subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or of delusional disorder (paranoia) were compared with a nondeluded psychiatric control group and a normal control group on a probabilistic inference task. Factors relevant to belief formation and maintenance were investigated. Deluded subjects requested less information before reaching a decision and were more ready to change their estimates of the likelihood of an event when confronted with potentially disconfirmatory information. No differences were found between the two diagnostic groups of deluded subjects. The results are discussed in light of prevailing theories of the importance of abnormal experience rather than reasoning biases in the formation and maintenance of delusional beliefs. It is suggested that a reasoning abnormality is involved, which may coexist with perceptual abnormalities.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The study investigated the relationship between length of hospitalization and increasing cognitive deficit in schizophrenics. Using Halstead-Reitan Battery data obtained from 245 schizophrenic patients, multiple regression analyses were performed using age, education, and length of hospitalization as independent variables and various summary test indices as dependent variables. These analyses showed that there was not a statistically significant change in percentage of explained variance when length of hospitalization was entered into the multiple regression equations. On the basis of these analyses, it was concluded that the association between increasing deficit and length of hospitalization experienced by schizophrenic patients is no greater than what would be anticipated on the basis of aging.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sixty-four consecutively referred patients with schizophrenia were treated with cognitive behavioral psychotherapy as an adjunct to standard treatment. A destigmatizing rationale to explain symptom emergence was devised and supplemented these techniques. They proved safe to use and appeared acceptable to patients and their relatives. Members of the group are being maintained on low levels of or no medication and have required minimal hospitalization. The techniques used are described in detail.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-five schizophrenic outpatients over the age of 52 who had been stable on neuroleptic medication were all switched to haloperidol. Ten patients were unable to tolerate the haloperidol and two dropped out of the study. The remaining 23 patients were randomly and blindly assigned to haloperidol or placebo and then followed for 6 months. Five patients did not complete the study due to medical or administrative reasons. Among the patients who completed the study, five of 10 randomized to placebo relapsed compared with only one of eight randomized to haloperidol. However, three of 10 patients randomized to placebo have remained stable without medication for 2.5 years.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Self-reported depressive symptoms of opiate addicts were assessed at admission to a methadone treatment program and weekly during the first 4 treatment weeks using the Beck Depression Inventory. A significant decline in scores was found to occur with the first follow-up evaluation done 7 days after admission, with scores remaining stable over subsequent weeks. The study suggests that a more accurate assessment of psychiatric symptoms may be obtained by waiting 1 to 2 weeks after treatment entry as compared with admission assessments.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The urinalysis practices of 324 methadone maintenance clinics were surveyed using a brief self-report questionnaire. Results indicate that there is wide variability in collection practices and clinic responses to positive findings. Virtually all clinics provide counseling and revocation of take-home methadone doses as a response to positive urinalysis results. However, increase in urine screening frequency, methadone dose adjustments, contingency contracting, group therapy, and eventual discharge are interventions also used. The implementation of different interventions varied as a function of clinic size, city size, region of the country, and program funding source

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hypnosis has been described anecdotally to be effective in the treatment of sleepwalking and sleep terror, potentially dangerous parasomnias. The authors report the use of hypnosis in the treatment of 27 adult patients with these disorders. A total of 74% of these individuals reported much or very much improvement when followed over substantial periods after instruction in self-hypnotic exercises that were practiced in the home. Hypnosis, often preferred over pharmacotherapy by patients, required one to six office visits (mean=1.6). This represents a very cost-effective and noninvasive means of treatment, especially when constrasted with lengthy psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID