摘要:

Charts of 76 adolescents, who had been recently discharged from a psychiatric hospital, were reviewed by a research team for evidence of DSM-III axis I and axis II disorders. Research diagnoses were assigned to patients on the basis of documented symptomatology and irrespective of the discharge diagnosis of the clinical staff. Forty-five patients met criteria for an affective disorder. Of these, 15 were diagnosed major depression and 24 dysthymia or atypical depression (i.e., dysthymia of briefer duration than 1 year). Two patients were manic, one was bipolar depressed, one was schizoaffective, and two were atypical depressed with psychotic features. No patient with dysthymia had a past history of major depression as the earliest manifestation of psychiatric disorder. Four patients with major depression, however, had past histories of dysthymia as the earliest manifestation of psychiatric disorder. Forty per cent of patients with major depression had parents with depression. Excepting one schizophrenic, every patient who had ever attempted suicide met criteria for a depressive disorder.Twelve patients fulfilled DSM-III criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Each of these patients manifested a concurrent axis I depressive disorder, and each had a history of attempted suicide. Patients with major depression co-existing with BPD had histories of more frequent and more lethal attempts than other patients. Most depressed borderline patients were female. Sex differences were not found in prevalence of affective disorder occurring alone without the co-existence of BPD. Of the 12 patients with depression plus BPD, all those patients (N= 5) with major depression and BPD had at least one parent who had been treated for depression. In each of these five cases, axis I affective disorder occurred earlier in development than did axis II BPD.Our findings indicate that depression may have an earlier onset in the life cycle than generally appreciated. Dysthymia may in itself be a serious disorder during adolescence and may progress to major depression. The co-existence of a depressive disorder with BPD would appear to be of particular clinical significance during adolescence. More specifically, it appears that adolescents who manifest major depression and BPD actually suffer from a particularly severe variant of affective disorder.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although childhood hyperactivity has been shown to be related to a variety of adult psychiatric disorders, no previous study has specifically explored its relation to adult opiate addiction. In this study, 22 per cent of a population of 157 opiate addicts seeking treatment reported childhood histories of hyperactivity. Demographic and developmental features such as high male to female sex ratio, normal intelligence quotient but lower level of educational and occupational achievement, and earlier arrest record supported the retrospective diagnosis. In addition, the subgroup with a history of childhood hyperactivity differed in symptom and personality measures from those without such a history in a way suggesting that those with a history of hyperactivity in childhood were manifesting adult sequelae of the disorder.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study used a structured questionnaire to identify a family history of affective disorder (AD) with associated impairment in life functioning in 8.5 per cent of a group of young men. Those individuals with and without family histories of AD were demographically similar, but the former demonstrated higher rates of having received counseling (28 per centvs.7 per cent). A family history of AD was not associated with an increased alcohol or drug problem pattern, but alcoholism was significantly more likely in the fathers and maternal grandfathers of those men with AD family histories. Preliminary evidence suggests that assortative mating and misdiagnoses of AD in individuals demonstrating alcohol or drug problems may help explain the increased prevalence of alcoholism in these families.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Research on sex and marital status differences in depression has grown rapidly in the last decade. However, little has been done to examine these relationships in a life course perspective. Utilizing a random community sample of adults in upstate New York, the current paper examines “male-female,” as well as “married-unmarried” differences in depression, controlling for age.Generally, unmarried females are found to be the most depressed of all sex-marital status groupings. However, among the married, controlling for age, young married females (17 to 24) are found to be contributing the most to the role of depression in married women. Excluding this subgroup from computations, there is no significant difference in the mean level of depression between married men and women.A specific test of Gove's “sex role hypothesis” is presented and the feasibility of utilizing a “clinical caseness” cutoff point on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale is examined. The implications of these and other findings are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is noted that research on the psychological effects of disaster, particularly with regard to rates of impairment, has turned up confusing and sometimes contradictory results. Two sets of dimensions salient to such investigations are noted: those which are aspects of disasters per se and affectactualrates of impairment (“true scores”) and those which could be expected to affectestimatesof impairment rates (“error variance”) following disaster. Dimensions of disasters per se suggested by others are reviewed, and an additional dimension is proposed. Four methodological dimensions affecting reported impairment rates are described (sampling of subjects, level of data, case identification, and time of follow-up). Studies of long term psychological effects of disaster where some estimate of impairment was given are reviewed in order to demonstrate the noncomparability of findings from study to study due to methodological differences.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The present study investigated the ability of paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics, psychiatric controls, and aged controls to use temporal and amplitude cues to make judgments about the direction of auditory stimuli on an auditory lateralization task. Twelve subjects in each group were tested on three lateralization conditions: temporal—fixed, temporal—shifted, and amplitude. The subjects' task was to identify the apparent direction (left or right) of a train of clicks presented binaurally through headphones. In the temporal conditions interaural click onset differences provided the lateralization cues, while in the amplitude condition interaural amplitude differences provided the cues. In the temporal—fixed condition, onset asynchrony was constant for the duration of each stimulus. In the temporal—shifted condition, onset asynchrony was introduced midway through each stimulus presentation. A forced-choice random staircase method was used to determine each subject's 70 per cent correct response threshold. Results indicated that paranoids had particular difficulty with the temporal—fixed condition relative to the temporal—shifted condition. The opposite was true for the nonparanoids. Both control groups showed no significant difference in performance on the two temporal conditions. Psychiatric controls performed significantly better than aged controls in both the fixed and shifted conditions. There were no significant differences among groups on the amplitude condition. The data were discussed in terms of schizophrenics' clinical symptoms and previous perceptual research with schizophrenics.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study was carried out to determine whether long term chronic deteriorated patients could be taught skills in activities of daily living by therapy aides to improve their quality of life in the hospital. It was designed as a controlled trial comparing active intervention in the experimental wards with routine nursing care in the control wards. The results showed that, even in such a short period as 3 months, active treatment produced results which were statistically significantly better than the controls. It is concluded that mental hygiene therapy aides, given adequate support and encouragement, can make measurable and observable improvements in the behavior of long term patients. The implications of the results are considered.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We performed screening polysomnography on 86 inpatients with affective disorders and found that 13 (15.1 per cent) had sleep apnea and one had nocturnal myoclonus. The apnea tended to be extremely mild, with an average of 27.8 episodes per patient and with a mean duration of 15.0 seconds. No clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia accompanied the apnea. The apnea was predominantly obstructive or mixed, not central. Only four patients (4.7 per cent) had apnea indices greater than five, and even here the total apnea was considered mild. Much of the apnea (68.3 per cent) occurred during rapid eye movement sleep. While there was no association of apnea with gender or with type of sleep-wake complaint, a significant relationship with age emerged. On the basis of these data, we suggest that routine polysomnographic screening for sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus in affective disorders is not indicated. On occasion, however, both an affective disorder and a sleep-apnea syndrome co-exist in the same patient. In such cases, the sleep-wake complaint is usually very prominent and/or long-standing in relation to other psychopathology and requires appropriate polysomnographic evaluation.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The serendipitous findings of an unusual case of self-labeled transsexualism and amphetamine abuse are presented. The patient, a white male, reported transsexual episodes only after intravenous injection of metamphetamines. At all other times, he considered himself masculine and never entertained cross-gender fantasies or wishes for sex reassignment surgery. Hypotheses are raised which suggest a possible neurochemical explanation for this man's transsexual episodes.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1982

数据来源: OVID