摘要:

The present study is a follow-up of a sample of 348 men convicted of manslaughter, attempted manslaughter, or arson who were released from incarceration. Multiple factors assessed at the time of incarceration, including demographic, behavioral, family history, and biochemical variables, and psychiatric diagnoses were used in an attempt to discriminate between those who became recidivists during the follow-up period and those who did not. Violent recidivism was most strongly associated (sensitivity of 90%) with impulsivity of the original crime in killers and attempted killers; for arsonists, having made a suicide attempt was the strongest predictor (68% sensitivity). For predictive purposes, both single factor associations and multiple entries into discriminant analysis produced too many false-positives, i.e., the high rate of false designation as recidivist remained a problem.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although group homes for adults labeled mentally ill have been the focus of significant attention in deinstitutionalization discussions, substantive research on their operation has been lacking. The present study addresses past limitations by focusing on a well-defined sample of small group homes, with higher staffing levels and in-home treatment provided. Thirty homes were randomly selected; all home residents (N=253) were studied. Data were collected from case managers, residents, and home staff to assess residents' functioning, services and treatments provided, and the environment of the home. The findings were examined in terms of adequacy and appropriateness of care provided in the home, using accepted guidelines. The results indicated that there are aspects of a homelike environment, emotional support from staff, and skill-development activities within the home. However, an institutional focus still seems prevalent, along with limited rehabilitation and socialization activities. Residents expressed high levels of satisfaction, which may reflect their dislike of the group home alternative, e.g., the state hospital. Policy implications are discussed vis-avis current efforts to move away from group homes toward supported housing initiatives.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The tetrahedron model of clinical judgment (Rock, Bransford, Maisto, and Morey, Clin. Psyckol. Rev. 7:645-661,1987; Rock, Bransford, Morey, and Maisto, Clin. Psychol. Rev. 8:411- 416, 1988) provides a framework for identifying factors that may influence the judgments of psychotherapists (e.g., clinical and counseling psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, etc.). Three parameters of the model were experimentally manipulated: mode of presentation of clinical information, patient, and judgment task. Sixteen clinical psychology graduate student therapists evaluated two patients on axis I and axis II of the DSM-III. Judgmental accuracy was influenced by main effects and two- and three-way disordinal interactions among the three model parameters. Additionally, we found that judgmental accuracy was positively related to experience and training. This relationship was evident only when experience was assessed with specific rather than general measures, and when the clinical materials were presented in an audio video format and hence resembled the conditions under which the clinicians in the study acquired that training and experience. Implications for the design of training programs that facilitate competency in clinical judgment are discussed.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper introduces a new self-report inventory, the NIMH Panic Questionnaire (NIMH PQ), for obtaining and quantifying comprehensive information about the clinical characteristics of panic disorder in patients with previously diagnosed or suspected illness.Fifty-two patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder completed the NIMH PQ; their responses were compared with data derived from 16 similar or identical questions on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia modified for anxiety disorders. There were no significant differences between the two instruments on 15 of the 16 (93.7%) items tested. The one exception revealed a greater proportion of patients versus physicians endorsing “spontaneous” panic, and a nonsignificant trend for physicians over patients endorsing anticipatory anxiety with greater frequency. The NIMH PQ offers a potentially useful clinical and research tool in the assessment of patients with known or suspected panic disorder.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study reports the prevalence and risk factors of depression in a large representative community sample of adult Korean immigrants in Toronto, Canada. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale was used to measure depression by applying DSM-HI criteria, Results in general suggest few differences between the immigrant community and the larger communities in Canada and the United States. Depressive syndrome was present in 4.5% of the sample, a prevalence similar to rates reported by the Epidemiologic Catchment Area studies. The risk factors associated with depression in larger populations were also found to be related to depression in this sample. Gender, marital status, intention to re-migrate, and social support were the most powerful correlates of depressive syndrome. In summary, Korean immigrants in Toronto are not exceptionally vulnerable to depression, and the social support from informal ethnic networks at the time of arrival has long-lasting effects on their mental health. Future research should focus on how the informal social supports available at the time of arrival are maintained by immigrants and the precise ways in which they exert long-term protective effects.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale was used to measure depression by applying DSM-III criteria to a community sample of 860 adult Korean immigrants residing in Toronto, Canada. A total of 2.6% of men (95% confidence interval, 1.1% to 4.1%) and 6.7% of women (95% confidence interval, 4.3% to 9.1%) manifested depressive syndrome, rates not substantially different from those reported in North American community populations. The study also identified the subgroups in which the gender differences in depression were the greatest. Both the role demand (or double burden) and power explanations of gender differences might be supported. The mental health implications of social roles, including gender role, may be better understood from cross-cultural or multicultural perspectives.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The hypothesis that risk for substance abuse is not unitary was tested by a log linear regression analysis. A series of risk factors was evaluated in a sample of 219 nonhospitalized, nontreated, young male and female subjects. Risk for alcohol abuse/dependence was independent of risk for drug abuse/dependence and the risks were additive in the prediction of lifetime substance abuse. Antisocial personality diagnosis predicted alcohol abuse/dependence, family history of drug abuse predicted drug abuse/dependence, and, additively, they predicted alcohol and drug abuse/dependence diagnosis over a lifetime. These data support a hypothesis that risk for substance abuse is not unitary.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Published estimates of the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia were correlated with several aspects of the studies in which they were obtained. Higher estimates of alcohol and stimulant abuse were found in studies published more recently. Rates of alcohol abuse were particularly high in one rural investigation. Rates of stimulant abuse were highest when patients were asked directly about use of stimulants. Increased prevalence estimates in more recent years could not be attributed to method of assessing substance abuse, method of defining substance abuse, or characteristics of the study sample.

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0022-3018    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID